Please 

handle  this  volume 

with  care. 

The  University  of  Connecticut 
Libraries,  Storrs 


BOOK    917.473.B83H   c   1 

BRUCE    #    HUDSON    RIVER    BY    DAYLIGHT 


3  T153  00E103E0  0 


9, 


v> 


^l 


^ 


AJTD  nOtTTES  TO 

MANCHESTER,  VT., 


•<'^>^ 


NIAGAI^A   FALLS,    LAKE  GEOI\GE, 


S/iAROH.    1- 


hba 


ET 


«^^, 


"iro, 


G4 


THURSTY    McQUILL. 


SPRING^- 


THE  STEAMBOATS 
LEAVE  NEW  YORK  EVERT  MORNTNG, 

J'^roni   Jesfry  St,  Pier  and  23d  Sf,^  (north  of  Erio  P.i\sin/> 

KETfRKING    LIIAVE 

Alhftny,  foot  of  Hamilton  St,, 

^  '  Making  the  usual  Landings. 

ri  Thursty  MoOniirs  Guitlc*  sold  at  >'ews  Offices,  on  Cars  and  StMiuhoafs,  i*v\ - 


§^&- 


PUBLISUED  FOR  TUIS  U'SE  BY 
Fruiaietor  of  Ivews  Stands  ou  the  Vibbard  aud  the  Dre 


EAT-EKY  ^ETERISrOON. 


FOU 


l> 


P^B^SEllfSIE 


iJ!'? 


RONLOUT  ^  KINGSTON, 

LANDING  AT 

COZZEyS,   WEST  JPOiyT,  COmiiALL,  yEW 
HAMBVliGH,  ii^  JUL  Toy 

BI^^EAKFAST     AND     DINNEF^     SEI\VED     ON      BOAP^D. 

The  Steamboat 

■si 


Wll 


WILL  LEAVE  NEW  YORK  EVERY  AFTERNOON, 

FROM    VESTRY    STREET,    PIER    39, 

At  8.30  o'clock. 


Ron do at  f 

Ponghkeepsle,    - 

3IUfon, 

New  Hainburghf 


RETURNING,  WILL  LEAVE 


G.:u> 

7,00 


Cormi'ftUf 
West  Pointf 
Cozzens'  Dock, 


A .  iV. 

7.30 
7.45 

8.05 
8.10 


Arriving  in  New  York  at  10. 4B. 


V*  Excursion  Tickets,  or  Tickets  by  the  Package,  at  Eeduced  Rates. 


COLUMBIAN    HOTEL, 

Saratoga    Springs,  IST.  Y". 


-* — <•►—»- 


This  hotel  Laving  been  rebuilt  since  the  great  fire  of  1871,  will  be  opened  for  the  re- 
ception of  guests  about  the  Ist  of  June.     It  is  situated  on 

Broadway,    opposite  the    Congress   Park, 

AND   WITHIN   A   FEW   STEPS   OF   THE 

CONGRESS,  COLUMBIAN,  HATHORN, 

HAMILTON,  CRYSTAL,  and  WASHINGTON  SPRINGS, 

and  within  easy  walking  distance  of  tbe 

OTHER  PRINCIPAL  SPRINGS  OF  SARATOGA. 
The  new  hotel  building  is  of  brick,  and  is  much  improved  in  its  interior  construction. 

Its  Rooms  are  large  and  "well  ventilated,  and 
HANDSOMELY    FURNISHED, 

AND    ITS 

TABLE     IS     NOT     SURPASSED 
in  the  LUXURIES  and  DELICACIES  wliicli  Saratoga  affords. 

M^  The  prices  for  Board  are  as  moderate  as  the  liberal  accommodations  of  the  House 
will  allow.  Your  patronage  is  respectfully  solicited,  and  your  comfort  and  satisfaction 
assured. 

D.    A.    DODGE, 

Proprietor. 

Saratoga  Springs. 


Adirondack  Company's  Hailroad 

FROM   SARATOGA  SPRINGS 

to   LiZERXE,    HADLEY,   THIRM^,    ((he   station   for    LAkE    CEOR€E   and 
WARREi\SBlKG,)  THE  C;LE.\,  RIVERSIDE  and  IVORTH  CREEK, 

FORMING  THE 

MOST  DIRECT  RAILROAD  ROUTE 

TO   THE 

VALLEY  OF  THE  UPPER   HUDSON 

and  the  Wilderness. 


Connections   are  made   at    Thurnian  with   a   First- Class 
Stage  Line  to  Lake  George. 

The  distance  by  Stage  (9  miles),  Through  Fare,  and  Time  being  the  same 
as  by  the  old  route  via  Glen's  Falls.     This  route  affords 

New  and  Far  More  Picturesque  and  Delightful  Scenery 

Than  any  other  route  from  Saratoga. 

At  Riverside  Station,  stages  connect,  running  to  SCHKOON  LAKE, 
CHESTER,  POTTERSVILLE,  and  the  NORTH  WOODS. 

From  North  Creek,  stages  run  to  the  "  FOURTEENTH,"  the  most  desirable 
rendezvous  and  starting  point  from  which  to  reach  RAQUETTE  LAKE  and 
the  HEART  OF  THE  GREAT  FOREST. 

Express  trains  leave  Saratoga  Springs  on  arrival  of  Morning  and  Mid-day 
trains  from  the  south. 

C.  E.  DURKEE,  C.  H.  BALLARD, 

General  Ticket  Agent.  Superintendent. 


HOIKTCS    CAVE, 

SCHOHARIE  COUNTY,  N.  Y. 

Entrance  within  a  few  rods  of  the  Station,  on  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  R.  B.., 

39  miles  from  Albany. 


This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  curiosities  in  the  United  States.  For 
beauty,  variety  and  extent,  it  is  only  equaled  by  the  Mammoth  Cave  of  Ken- 
tucky, with  the  advantage  of  being  more  convenient  of  access,  and  without 
danger.     To  increase  the  novelty,  means  have  recently  been  taken  to  have  it 

LIGHTED     WITH     GAS 

as  far  as  the  Lake.     Visitors  now  have  tha  choice  of  viewing  that  portion   of 
the  Cavern  by  Torch  Light  or  by  Lanterns. 

The  Only  Cave  in  the  World  Lighted  with  Gas, 

Full  description  of  the  prominent  points  of  interest  will  be  found  in  this 
Guide,  under  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  Eailroad  Division. 


For  the  accommodation  of  visitors  there  has  recently  been  erected  at  th^ 
mouth  of  the  Cave  a  first-class  hotel,  with  all  the  modern  improvements, 
known  as  the 

C^'V'E    HOUSE. 

A.  M.  TAYLOR,  Proprietor. 

(Formerly  of  Delavan  House,  Albany,  N.  T.) 
"Where  every  comfort  and  convenience  will  be  provided  to  make  it  pleasant 
for  visitors.  Suitable  apparel  will  also  be  furnished  for  ladies  and  gentlemen 
entering  the  Cave,  although  there  is  less  necessity  for  it  now  than  formerly, 
as  excavations  have  been  made,  and  are  being  made,  rendering  the  passage  of 
that  portion  usually  visited  easy  of  access,  and  extra  clothing  unnecessary. 

Experienced  Guides  will  accompany  Visitors  either  by  day  or  ni^ht* 


CATSKILL  LINE  STEAMERS, 

From  I*ier  41, 
FOOT    OF    CA^sTAL    ST, 


Cozzens,   Cold  Spring,   RhinelDeck, 
Tivoli,  Maiden,  Smith's  Dock  and  Germantov/n. 

Passage,    FIFTY    CENTS. 
THE  STEAMER 


5 

CAPTAIN  JA3IES  STE.O). 

Will  leave  Canal  St.,  yiondatjs^    M'cdnesdays  and  Fridatjs. 

AT    6    O'CLOCK,    F.    M. 

Making  the  usual  landings. 

THE   STEAMER 


aais 


CAPTAIN  P.  H.  KXICKERBOCKEE. 
Will  leave  Canal  St.,  Tuesdays,  TJnirsdai/s  and  Satnrdays. 

AT  6  O'CLOCK,  F.  M. 

A.rrivinrf  at  Catshill  at  H  A.  JU".,  connectivf/  icitJi  all  lives  of  Stages. 
Returninff  leave  Catshill  at  G  I*,  J/.,  on  alternate  days. 


Tbis  Line  connects   Avitli   Steamer  City  of  Hudson   for  Coxsackie, 
Stuyvesant,  New  Baltimore  an«l  lastleton. 

The  only  line  connecting  -u-itli  Churcbill's  line  of  Stivgcs  for  Cairo,  Windham, 
Prattsville,  and  all  other  points  on  the  Snsqnehanna  and  Hunter  turnpikes. 


Hot -Air  Furnaces. 


iiiiiii 


lllllltHlllllllll III!  I  , 

^<«M^3fflinii'ini"iiiiimiiniiiiiil  lis,,, 
„„„„., — RAm\\m\<aa8M^iii;iiiiMiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiii 

\\\\\\\\.m\i\w\\\\\\\\wv\iiWW\w^!aB8^^ 


Seven   Sizes    of  Self-feediiig^,   Five    Sizes   of  Surface- 

buraiin^,  to  be  set  in  Bricks,  or  Portabfie, 

as  may  toe  desired. 

Tkese   are    the    best    Furnaces    in    use. 
These  Furnaces  are  adapted  to  the  Heating  and  Ventilating  all  kinds  and  sizes 
of  buildings,  either  public  or  private. 

PLEASE  SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE. 

MANUFACTURED  BY 

SHAVOR  &  HENDERSON, 

6Y>  Sixih  Street,  Troy,  X.  F., 

And  SHAVOR,  HENDERSON  &  Co., 

240  Water  Street.  X.  T. 


JOHN  W.  CEAMTON,  Proprietor. 


This  large  and  commodious  Hotel,  is  located  near  the  Railway  Station  and  in 
the  business  center  of  the  town.  It  has  long  enjoyed  a  reputation  as  a  popular 
place  of  resort  for  travelers,  as  a  first-class  house  in  Vermont.  The  house  has 
recently  been  thoroughly  renovated,  and  large  and  pleasant  suites  of  rooms 
added  ;  a  large  Billiard-Room  opened ;  and  new  furniture  and  carpets  introduced. 
A  wing  of  fifty  feet,  three  stories  high,  has  been  added  during  the  last  season, 
to  moot  the  demands  of  a  continual  increase  in  business. 

The  house  is  under  the  direction  of  the  popular  and  experienced  manager, 
Major  Salsbury,  who  has  been  long  known  to  travelers,  and  will  continue  in 
the  future,  as  in  the  past,  to  meet  the  wants  and  merit  the  patronage  of  the 
public.  A  first-class  livery  stable  is  attached  to  the  house,  where  guests  can 
be  at  all  times  accommodated  at  reasonable  rates. 

Persons  desiring  to  visit  the  remarkable 

SPRINGS  AT  M1001ET0WN» 

OR   THE    CELEBRATED 

will  find  Rutland  a  favorable  point  to  stop. 
The  Drive  to  both  these  places   from   Rutland   is  Pleasant  and  Agreeable. 


■2?  :e3:  es 


mBJ 


a 


1 


T 


SARATOGA  SPRINGS,  N,  Y., 


WILLIAM  BENNETT, 


ProprietorSr 


Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 


Enlarged,     Re-ftiniished,     and     Thoro2ighly 

Improved,  with  1 5o  New  Rooms  added 

ifi  the  Spring  <9/*  1873, 

Is   situated   on   Broadway,  in  the  centre  of  the   Village,  and  near  the 

celebrated  Congress  Spring  ant)  Park.  j 

It  is  built  of  brick,  and  has  a  frontal  of  220  feet  on  Broadway,  and  ' 

a  rear  extension  of  150  feet,  just  completed,  and  arranged  on  modern  [ 

PLANS,  with  Bath  Rooms  and  Closets  attached,  and  | 

WILL  ACCOMMODATE  400  OUESTS.  1 

The  newly-built  extension  contains  150  rooms,  arranged  for  families, 
with  aU  the  modern  conveniences,  and  commanding  pleasant  views  of 
trees  and  shrubbery. 

The  NEW  DINING-ROOM  IS  ouc  of  the  pleasantest  in  Saratoga,  and  it  is 
the  determination  of  the  proprietors  to  furnish  a  table  unsurpassed 
by  any  hotel  of  the  great  watering  place. 

A  free  Omnibus  conveys  guests  to  and  from  the  Depot. 
House  open   all   tlie  year. 


Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad. 

New  and  Direct  All  Rail  Route 

TO  THE 

THK 

ST.  LAWRENCE  AND  CANADA. 

The  Shortest^  Quickest^  and  most  ECo7ioniical  Route. 

Four  Hours  from  Utica  to  Clayton,  situated 
at  the  head  of  the  Thousand  Islands. 

Passengeks  from  New  York,  New  England,  and  all  Eastern 
Points,  bj  taking  this  route  will  reach  the  Thousand  Islands 
the  same  day,  avoiding  a  stop  over  night,  and  can  return  in 
same  time. 

TICKETS 

May  be  obtained  at  all  the  principal  Railroad  Ticket  Offices  in  the  Country. 

BE  SUEE   AND  ASK  TOR  TICKETS  VIA  THE 

"Whenever  you  cannot  get  through  tickets  buy  to  Utica  only. 

The  Trains  of  this  Company  leave  the  New  York  Central  Depot  on  arrival  of 
Central  Trains.     Baggage  checked  on  the  spot.     Three  Trains  per  day, 

MORNING,  NOON,  AND  EVENING, 

will  leave  Utica  and  Clayton,  making  no  delay  to  travelers. 

The  Coaches  on  this  Bead  are  New,  and  the  Track  in  good  order, 
insuring  safety  and  despatch. 


kf? 


fe  © 


.-^I^TID 


HUDSON  RIVER  RAIL  ROAD. 


Nine  Express  Trains  daily  from  the 

Grand    Central   Depot,  Ne^w  York, 

4th  Ave  &  42nd  St. 

TWO  SPECIAL  DI\AWING  ROOM  TF^AINS 

FOB. 

SARATOGA     AND     LAKE      GEORGE, 

(From  New  York  to  Saratoga  in  less  than  6  hours.) 
Five    Through    Trains    from    New   York   to 


The  best  managed  Hail  Hoad  in  the  country. 

The  most  co7nx>lete  in  all  its  appointments, 

Wagner's  elegantly  furnished  Dra-wing  Room  Cars  run  on  all  through  trains. 

Sleeping  Cars  of  the  line  unsurpassed. 

The  best  Route  from  New  York  to  the  West. 

J.  M.  TOUCEY,  Snpt.       C.  H.  KENDRICK,  Genl.  Ticket  Agt. 


DRS.    STRONG'S 


REMEDIAL  INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA   SPRINGS,  N.  Y. 


This  institution  was  established  in  1855,  for  the  special  treatment  of  Lung, 
Female,  and  various  Chronic  Diseases,  and  as  a  Summer  Kesort  during  the 
visiting  season. 

The  Institute  has  recently  been  doubled  in  size  to  meet  the  necessities  of 
its  increased  patronage.  It  is  now  the  largest  health  institution  in  Saratoga, 
and  is  unsurpassed  in  the  variety  of  its  remedial  appliances  by  any  in  this 
country.  In  the  elegance  and  completeness  of  its  appointments  it  is  uneqnaied. 
The  building  is  heated  by  steam,  so  that. in  the  coldest  weather  the  air  of  the 
house  is  like  that  of  midsummer. 

The  proprietors,  Drs.  S.  S.  and  S.  E.  Strong,  are  graduates  of  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  New  York  University,  and  are  largely  patronized  by  the 
medical  profession. 

Has  Turkish,  Kussian,  Sulphur-Air,  Hydropathic,  and  Electro-Thermal 
Baths,  Equalizer  or  Vacuum  Treatment,  Movement  Cure,  Laryngoscope,  In- 
halation, Oxygen  Gas,  Faradaic  and  Galvanic  Electricity,  Medicines.  Health- 
Lift,  Gymnastics,  and  Mineral  Springs,  for  the  treatment  of  Nervous,  Lung, 
Female,  and  Chronic  diseases. 

The  fact  that  a  disease  is  long  standing,  is  generally  evidence  that  it  should 
be  treated  at  an  institution  having  special  facilities,  for  if  it  could  be  cured  in 
ordinary  practice  it  should  not  have  become  chronic. 


EEFEEENCES: 

Bishop  M.  SikpsoN.  Prof.  Tatlor  Lewis,  LL.D. 

Rev.  T.  L.  Cuyler,  D.D.         Chahncey  N.  Olds,  LL.D. 
Robert  Carter,  Esq. 


For  particulare  of  the  Institution  send  for  circulars  on  Lung,  Female,  and 
Chronic  Diseases,  and  on  our  Appliances.     Address, 


DBS.  S.  S.  &  S.  E.  stko:n"g 


REMEDIAL    INSTITUTE, 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,  X.  Y. 


IMFIHE  HEATIITQ  EAXTGE 


c/2 
a:) 

CO 


GO 
OS 
QO 


00 

as 

CO 


QO 

o 


to 


CO 


illl 


AT 


NEW  YORK   STATE  FAIRS, 

1868,  1869,  1870,  1871  and  1872. 


Will  Heat  from  one  to  four  upper  rooms  in  the 
coldest  weather. 

MANUFACTURED    BY 

SWETT,  QUIMBY  &   PERRY, 

277  Hiver  Street,  Troy,  IT.  Y. 

FOR    IS^1L.E    BY 

BURTIS  &  GRAFS'.  No.  206  Water  Street,  New  York. 
GEORGE   L.   DENNIS,  Poughkeepsie,  New  York. 
R.  L.   ROSSMAN,  Hudson,  New  York. 


HENRY     C.    HASKELL, 

kllmaf  li©a  mat  Kaclla©  Wtili 


'm 


AND 

I'    O    TJ    3Xr    3D    H.    -ST, 

Nos.  4,  6  &  8  Pruyn,  and  50,  52,  54  &  56  Liberty  Sts. 

{Office f  No.  8  Pruyn  Street^  near  Steamboat  Landing)^ 

ALBANY,I\I.Y. 


^  T»  ■  fB  "WV  S?  -=•  V  ^*  ->  ^n  -  IE  !,-i^,    .^'^-     H    M  '^  r,  SiifTS^  *Ti*  ^^^   ^^==-^ 


I-  Ii5 ^"-^.^fo^-' 


jOMa-^s-y^^^-^.^/j^ 


MANFFACTrRER  OF  ALL  SIZES  OP 


STEAM     ENGINES     AND     BOILERS, 

Bi'idffc  and  Ttoof  Bolts, 

CEMETERY,    AREA,    AND    STOOP    RAILINGS; 

Bank  Counter,  Office,  and  Desk  Eailings  ; 

Balconies,  Verandas,   JFrought-Iron  Beams,  and  Roof  Crestings. 

Iron  and  Brass  Castings  of  all  descriptions. 

Particular  attention  given  to  Repairing  all  kinds  of  Machinery  and  Boilers. 

Pa.tterns  and  Models  made  at  short  notice. 

Send  for  lUustrated  Catalogue. 


&.<r-:^.ii^'-fRrr^'- 


Awarded   the   Highest   Honors   In    Europe   and   America. 
■37H:E     33TJOISZEnE"DE3 


Mower  and  Self-Raking  Reaper 


Styles,  Sizes  and 


PRICES  TO  SUIT  ALL 


('lasses  of  Fanners, 


'itTii^^t 


Everywhere 

recognized 

as  the 

Most  Perfect  and 
MOST  DURABLE  HARVESTER 

IN  THE  WORLD. 


The  high   standard   of    excel- 
lence in 
MATERIAL  AND  WORKMANSHIP 

maintained,  and  VALUABLE  IM- 
PEOVEMENTS  ADDED. 


MANUFACTUREW  BY 

ADRIANCE,    PLAIT   &  CO.,  165   Greenwich  Street, 

NEAR  COURTLANDT   STREET,  NEW  YORK. 
3j:aivxji?^a_otoiiy,  POXJGIXIvEEFSIJS,  w.  y. 


THE 


HUDSON    RIVER 


BY  \ 

Daylight. 


p 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY, 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,   LaKE  GEORGE,    LAKE  CHAMPLAIN,   PLATTSBURG,  THE 

ADIKONDACKS,   MONTREAL,  THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS,  NIAGARA  FALLS, 

WATKINS'    GLEN,    RICHFIELD    SPRINGS,    COOPERSTOVVN,    SHARON, 

HOWE's     CAVE,     THE     GREEN    MOUNTAINS,    MANCHESTER, 

MIDDLETOVVN    AND    LEBANON    SPRINGS. 

Tin;  Fiusr  bi'SCUhtive  analysis  ov  thi:  Hudson  ever  published. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congres?,  in  (lie  year  1873,  by 

WALLACE    I'.RUCE, 

in  (lie  ( )Hkc  ol  tile  Librarian  ot  Congress  at  Wa^liinijlon. 


PUBLISHED    BY 

FRANK    ANDERSON, 

Proprietor  of  Nc-ivs  Sta?iJ  o?i  the  Mary  Po^well. 
NKW    YORK,    1875. 


LOVEJOT,  SON  A  CO.,  ELECTROTYPKRS,  15  VANPEV.'ATEK  ST.,  N.  Y. 


r 


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S 


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@^i!2>9  fe 


^ 


V,\SHe^ 


iCI 


AND 


Gentlemen's  Haberdashers, 


148     ST.     JAMES'     STREET, 


M;@iitr©ml 


® 


ADIRONDACKS 

IN 

Page. 
142 

DEX. 

Routes.                               Miles 

via  Saratojra  or  Plattsburgh .- 

"    Huilsou  River 

"    Aliianv  iiiid  Utica  

from  New  York. 

.  .   2^0  or  350 

113 

319 

ALBANY    

78 

ALE\A\DilI\  CAY          

loi 

BALLSTON  SPA 

DURLlNGTOlN 

CATSKILL  

CLARENDON  SPRINGS 

COOPERSTOWN 

116 

145 

G8 

157 

91 

'  •    Troy,  and  R.  &  S.  R.  R 

"    Troy  an:l  Rutlaud 

"    Hudson  River 

174 

316 

1G9 

"    Rutland  or  We.st  Rutland 

205 

"    Albany  and  Susquehanna. 

232 

CORN\S'ALL 

.    .     54 

"    River 

53 

5S 

FISHKILL  

GARRISON 

GLENS  FALLS       .                

55 

.    .    .     45 
135 

"    West  Point 

50 

"    Troy  aMd  Fort  Edward 

via  Albany 

206 

34 

ISl 

114 

HAVERSTRAW  BAY 

40 

HOWES  CAVE 

89 

HUDSON  

..   ..     70 

LAKE  GEORGE 

136 

'*    Trov.  and  R.  <t  S.  R.  R 

91 G 

LEBANON  SPRINGS 

81 

"    Hudson  and  Chatham 

150 

MANCHESTER,   VT 

155 

"    Trov 

^nn 

MIDDLETOWN   SPRINGS  

158 

"    Rutland  or  Pouitnoy 270 

"    Sarato;ja  and  Adirondack  R.  R 245 

"    Rutland,  Burlington,  and  St.  Albans 419 

"    River   , -  -    ^fi 

s 

MILL  BROOK 

MONTREAL    

NIAGARA  FAIvLS 

NYACK 

PITTSFIELD 

1.34 

150 

54 

105 

..    ..     36 
84 

i 

"    Albany  and  Central  R.  R 

"    River  

"    Hudson  and  Chatham 

"    Rutland  and  Burlin^fton 

"    River 

"    Montreal 

"    Thousand  Islands 

448 

25 

100 

350 

73 

591 

400 

k 

PLATTSBLRGH    

POUGHKEEPSIE 

QUEBEC 

RAPIDS  OF  ST.  LAWRENCE... 
RH INEBECK 

140 

59 

153 

153 

6.T 

"    River 

88 

RICHFIELD  SPRINGS 

ROCHESTER 

95 

105 

"    Utica 

•'    Albany  and  Central  R.  R 

"    River 

"    Trov          

272 

370 

88 

248 

RONDOUT 

65 

RUTLAND,  VT 

. .    .  145 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS  . . : 

SHARON   SPRINGS                

...  117 
GO 

"    Troy,  and  R.  A-  S.  K.  R 

"    Albany  and  .Susquehanna  R.  R. 

"    Ru'.l.iiid  and  Burlington 

"    Bnriin'j:ton 

"    Albany  and  Central  IJ.  R 

"    River 

ISO 

202 

356 

355 

290 

25 

ST.  ALBANS 

140 

STOWE  

SYRACUSE  

TARRYTOWN           

101 

148 

.     32 

THOUSAND  ISLANDS 

TRENTON  FALLS 

102 

98 

"    Utica,  and  Black  River R.  R... 

S59 

252 

><«^ 
K 

TROY  

^  UTICA 

VERGENNES 

WATKIN'S   GLEN 

WEST  POINT 

WHITEHALL 

115 

97 

160 

110 

....     43 
139 

"    River  

"    Albany 

148 

238 

''    Rutland 

295 

"    Geneva  

"    River    

360 

50 

"    Troy  

"    Three  routes 

219 

450  or  600 

WHITE  MOUNTAINS 

Y'ONKERS 

102 

29 

"    River 

Ifi 

E:ST>\.I3I^ISJrIIi:i>     1818. 


SOLE  AGENTS  FOK  THE  CELEBEATED 

ULYSSE  NARDIN  WATCH. 

THE  FIIliiT  PIUZE  was  awarded  the  above  Watch  at  the  annual  compoiition  or  the  Na- 
tional Observatory  in  Switzerland,  for  1868,  1869, 1871, 1872, 1873  and  1874  ;  also  Medal, 
London,  1862,  Paris.  1867  ;  and  Grand  Medal  of  Progress,  Alenna,  1873. 
OVKIi   AliL.   SWBSS   wanufai'ti;ui::rs. 

ALSO   IN   STOCK, 

WATCHES   OF    NOTED    ENGLISH    MAKERS. 


ELEClilO-PLATEB 
WiiRE. 

THE  LARf.EST  AS- 
SSRTMENT   OF    FIXE 
JEWELRY      1^     THE 

i»onixiox. 


f]    I!! 

I 


OPERA  AiVD  illARlXE 

GLASSES. 

LADIES'  AiVO   GENTS' 
DRESSING  BAGS 


^'f&m     AND  CASES  FITTED 


COMPLETE. 


im 


SAVAGE,    LYMAN   &    CO., 

Nos.    226    and    228    St.    James     Street  WIONTREAL. 
Fine  Cutler u,  Mauiel  and   Traieltuf/  Clocks.      All  hinds  of 
Jewelry  made  to  order.     Chains  a  speeialty. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTURERS  OF  SOLID  SILVER  WARE  IN  ALL  I'J  S  VARIETIES. 
CAUTION.— Owing  to  the  voi-y  prcat  satisfaction  given  by  the  manufactures  of  Ulysse 
Narthn,  nianv  Watclies  arc  imp()rted  of  the  saiuo  name,  spelt  in  ditt'ereut  ways,  and  with 
other  Chri.stian  names.  There  is  but  one  irjysso  Nardill,  of  I. ode.  and  his  Watches 
and  Chronometers  can  only  be  pnrcliased  from  tlu,'  Sole  Agents,  SAVAOE,  LYMAN  &  CO., 
226  and  22S  St.  James  Street,  Sign  ot  tlie  Illnmitiated  (Uoi;k. 

Theo.  Lyman,  Cn.\s.  W.  ITaoau.  IT.    Bikks. 


IIUDSOX  rJVER  GUIDE-BOARD 


F  I'vO  M 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBAI^Y. 


What  a  Person  wishes  to  See  and  Know  About  the  Hudson. 


A  Condensed   Sketch  of  the    Prominent    Points   of  Interest,  presenting 
at  once  an  Index  to  Book,   P^ap,  and  River. 


As  llie  boat  leaves  the  pier  an  extended  view  is  obtained  of  the  upper  bay 
of  "New  York — miles  of  shipping;  and,  in  lh(>  soutlieru  distance,  twelve 
miles  of  Staten  Island. 

Trliiili/,  St.  PdiiPs,  and  St.  Jolitis.  The  tlirec  i)ointed  church  spires, 
Trinity  to  the  south,  and  St.  John's  to  the  North. 

Proiiiinent  Buildinrjfi.      Erpiitable   and    New   York   Life  Insurance   Com- 
panys,  near  Trinity  spir^',  and  the  New  Bennett  Building,  on    Nassau  street, 
corner  Fuitcui. 
^  ,    Jersf'i/  Citt/,  on   the   opposite   shore,  also   lined  Avith    the   docks  of  ocean 
'^'   steamers,  onci'  known  as  Pauius  Hook. 

Jloh^ken^  on  west  side,  a  short  distance  above  Jersey'  City. 

Castle  IIill,i\  I'ocky  promontoi'}' above  Hoboken,  crowned  with  the  mansion 
of  the  Stevens  famil}'. 

Eiymin  Fieldfi,  above;  C:istle  Hill,  sloj)ing  to  the  river. 

Bergen  Heighta  rise  in  the  backgroimd,  w  est  of  Hoboken. 

Manhattan  Market^  a  fine  brick  building  on  the  New  York  side,  at  the 
intersection  of  Tenth  Avenue  and  Thirty-Fourth  Street. 

7 


WeeJimcJcen,  tlie  scene  of  the  duel  l)etweeii  Hamilton  and  Burr,  on  the  west 
Ijank,  above  the  Elysiun  Fields. 

Sixty-Fifth  Street,  nuirked  by  a  i-ock}'  blntf  on  the  New  York  side. 

Myster-y.  The  seven-story  Avhite  l)uilding  on  the  west,  above  Wcehawken, 
is  only  a  lager-beer  brewery. 

Jones  Hill,  on  Kew  York  side.  The  long  wooden  building,  near  the  river, 
13  a  shooting-gallery. 

Lunatic  Asylum,  known  as  Bloomingdale  Hospital,  on  the  New  York  side, 
between  115th  and  120th  streets. 

Manhattanville,  a  city  suburb  in  the  neighborhood  of  132d  street. 

Carmansxille  (the  home  of  Audubon,  the  great  ornithologist),  a  city  suburb 
at  153d  street,  "\a  here  you  see  a  red  building  (sugar  refinerj^). 

Ricer  House.  Hotel  near  the  river,  on  the  New  York  side,  once  called  the 
Clareniont  Hotel. 

Trinity  Cemetery,  above  tlie  liotel. 

New  York  Institiite  for  Deaf  and  Dumb.  A  large  building  of  3^ellow  Mil- 
waukee brick,  a  little  above  Carmansville.  Will  accommodate  450  persons. 
Incorporated  1817. 

Tillie  Teudlem,  on  west  side,  opposite  Carmansville.     Hotel,  dock,  &c. 

Fort  Lee,  about  a  mile  above  Tillie  Teudlem.  The  site  of  the  old  fort  is 
marked  by  a  white  fence  on  the  bluff. 

Palisades  commence  at  Fort  Lee,  and  extend  fifteen  miles.  A  sheer  wall 
of  trap-rock,  frcmi  250  to  550  feet  high,  covered  with  trees  tliat  seem  in  tin; 
distance  like  a  fringe  of  shrubbery. 

Washington  Heights,  on  New  York  side,  between  181st  and  185tli  sticels. 
Almost  opposite. Fort  Lee. 

Fort  Wasliington.  The  site  of  the  old  fort  was  near  the  residence  of  the 
late  James  Gordon  Bennett.  The  residence  will  be  distinguished  among  the 
trees  by  its  gilded  dome. 

Jeffrey  s  Hook.     A  point  jutting  into  the  river  below  "Washington  Heights. 

Innwood.  A  little  station  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  above  tlie  heights. 
This  place  was  once  known  as  Tubbie  Hook. 

Palisade  Mountain  House.  Large  hotel  on  the  Palisades,  opposite  Inn- 
wood. 

Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek  (Harlem  River),  on  the  cast,  or  New  York  side, 
meets  the  Hudson.    It  reaches,  in  a  southeasterly  direction,  to  the  Enst  River, 


\ 


FORT  WISHIIIGTOII  FREHCH IKD  EKGLISH  INSTIIilK, 

FOR  YOUXG  GEXTCEME-V, 

171st  STREET  AND  KINGSBRIDGE  ROAD, 

(  Former  Kesidence  of  I,  P.  Martin,  Esq.)  OX  THE   HUDSOX. 

Principal,        V.  PREVOST, 

Successors  to  Lespinassk  &  Prkvost,  and  formerly  Assistant  Principal  of  tlie  Chegaray  Institute, 

in  N.  y. 

TTVE:NTY-FinST     YEj^H,      187  5  —  TG. 

The  Institute  is  located  on  the  premises  formerly  occupied  by  I.  P.  Martin,  Esq.,  at  ITlst 
Street  and  Kingsbridge  Road. 

This  beantifnl  residence,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Hud-son  River,  within  five  n)iniites' 
walk  from  tlie  depot,  combines  all  the  modern  improvements  of  City  houses,  with  the  adviiu- 
tages  of  one  of  the  finest  country  seats  on  the  Island. 

To  the  main  building,  an  extension  of  40x50  feet,  two  stories  high,  has  been  erected,  and 
is  devoted  to  the  class,  study  and  play  rooms. 

There  are  twenty  acres  attached  to  the  property,  affordins  ample  space  for  playgrounds. 
The  buildings  are  heated  by  five  furnaces.  The  Crotou  water  is  in  every  room;  there  are 
sev  ral  bath  rooms,  and  all  the  dormitories  are  carpeted. 

The  roads  and  paths  beiu^  all  graded  and  macadamized,  ensure  to  the  place  the  perfect 
salubrity  for  which  it  is  noted. 

Visits  to  the  Institution  are  earnestly  solicited. 

Thirty-two  trains  dailj'  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  connect  Fort  "Washington  with 
the  :iOth  Street  depot,  and  two  daily  with  the  4-2d  Street  dei)ot. 

For  Circulars  and  farther  information  apply  to  G.  Lesi'INASSE,  3  Pine  Street,  or  by  mail 
to  the  Institute,  Station  M.,  X.  Y.  City. 


Ibmiini;-  tlic  island  <>t'-Mauli:ittaii,  or  New  York.  The  i:^]alld  is  twelve  miles 
long,  averHging  ;i})out  two  miles  in  Avidlli,  --wedge-shape,  pointing  to  the 
Battery. 

/^pypien  Duyvel.     A  cluster  of  lionses  above  the  creek. 
Wedchester  IleUjlds  rise  above  the  village  ofSpn}  ten  Diiyvel. 

Eivcrchde  Siaiion.  First  station  on  '.he  Hudson  liiver  Kailroad  above 
Si)uyten  Duyvel. 

The  Convent  and  A('(id<my  of  Mouht  Si.  Ynicoit.  Fift((n  miles  lYom  New 
York.  The  castle-like  building  in  front,  once  known  as  Fonlhiil,  built  by 
Edwin  Forrest. 

Yonkcrs.  A  fine,  thriving  town,  seventeen  miles  from  New  Yoik.  Near 
the  laiuling  Ave  see  the  neat  depot  of  the  Hudson  IJiver  IJa'droad.  Also,  the 
principal  news  dei)ot  between  New  York  and  Albany.  John  Featherston, 
jiroprietor. 

C.  II.  Lilientlud's  BtHidoice.  A  brown  building,  a\  itli  square  Kmer,  two 
miles  above  the  landing. 

ASpri/if/-IIiU  Grove.  Also  on  the  ( ;u  t  bank',  and  luar  by  the  ruins  of  a 
2)ic/de  and  preserve  factory. 

DiLdleijs  Grove.     Just  bej'ond. 

Indian  Head.  The  highest  point  of  the  Palisades,  about  opposite  the  Grove. 

IlaHtin^H-on-tlie-IhidHon.  Foui'  miles  north  of  Yoidvcrs,  on  the  east  side. 
The  sugar- refinejy.neuTv, the  bank  is  the  largest  on  the  river. 

Bobbs^  Ferry. '^'On.^'Wxa  east  side,  ai)ove  Ha.sliims,  twentv-two  miles  from 
N(^w  York.     The  river  now  widens  into  ''i'appan  Bay. 

Piermonf,  wttli  its  long  pier,  on  the  west  side,  almost  opposite.  This  was 
once  the  terminus  of  tlu;  Erie  ]Jailroad,and  marks  the  boundaiy-line  between 
New  York  and  New  Jersey,  /x,  cx  .■ 

JSrvis.  Once  the  liome  of  Col.  James  Hamilton,  on  the  east  side,  above 
Dobbs'  Feny ;  long  columns  in  front  of  house. 

CotUnet  Place.  Built  of  Caen  Stone,  n(  ar  Nca  is ;  pronouiiced  the  most 
elegant  residence  on  the  Hudson. 

Cyrus  W.  FiekVs  liesidence.     Also  between  Dobbs'  Fei-ry  and  Iivington. 

Irvington.  Four  miles  north  of  Dobbs'  Ferry,  on  east  side;  once  known 
as  Dearman's.     Name  chauiied  in  honor  of  Washington  Irving. 

Sunuys'ide.  Haifa  mile  above  Trvingtoji  Station;  once  called  WoH'erl's 
Roost;  near  the  river,  and  hardl}'  visible  through  the  trees. 


Cunningham  Castle.     Stone  mansion,  with  pointed  tower,  on  tlie  hill. 

raulding  Manor.  The  white  marble  edifice,  of  Elizabethan  architecture. 
The  hot-house,  with  cupola,  cost  of  itself  $100,000. 

Bierstadt,  the  artist,  brown  stone  house,  witli  cupola,  south  of  the  Pauldini? 
manor.  Mr.  Halsted's  residence  (of  the  old  firm  of  Halsted,  Hames,  &  Co.), 
m  immediate  neighborhood. 

Tai-rytoiDii.  On  east  side,  three  miles  above  Irvington ;  twenty-six  miles 
from  New  York. 

Sleepy  Hollow.  A  little  north  of  Tarrytown.  The  old  Dutch  cliurch  is 
visible  with  a  glass,  and  the  quiet  graveyard  where  Irving  is  buried. 

Ex-Mayor  KingslancVs.  Two  suminer-li(mses,  or  stationaiy  bird-cages,  Avill 
be  noticed  on  the  east  bank,  just  above  Tarrytown.  Here  is  the  liome  of 
'jMr  Kingsland. 

William  AspiiiwalVs  Residence.  Above  Tarrytown  ;  brown  square  tower; 
the  largest  on  the  river. 

Johnny  Deaiis,  and  "his  own  Mary  Ann."  Near  the  river,  below  Mr. 
Aspiiiwall's,  and  a  little  to  the  north,  is  the  place  whei-e  Johnny  Dean  met 
"  his  own  Mary  Ann." 

Nyack.  Oi^posile  Tarrytown.  (In  the  channel  the  fenwboat  connects  with 
the  Day  Line.)  The  large  building  a  little  south  of  the  village  is  the  Ilockland 
Female  Seminary. 

Ramapo  Mountains.  Above  Nyack,  on  llie  west  side;  known  by  naviga- 
tors as  the  Hook,  or  Point-no-Point.  'Ihey  lie  in  little  headlands,  500  or 
GOO  feet  high,  and  reach  most  of  the  way  from  Nyack  to  ITaverstraw.  ('I'he 
point  is,  in  fact,  an  illusion ;  was  once  called  Veidrietege's  Hook;  now  some- 
times styled  Rockland  Lake  Point.) 

Sing  Sing.  On  east  side,  six  miles  above  Tarrytown.  The  white  buildings 
near  the  river-bank,  south  of  Ihe  village,  are  the  Slate  Prison. 

Rocldand  Lake.  Almost  o]iposite,  on  the  west  bank,  between  two  liills. 
This  is  the  source  of  the  llaekeusack  river,  and  the  great  ice-quarry  for  New- 
York. 

Croton  River,  on  the  east  bank,  meets  the  Hudson  about  one  mile  above 
Sing  Sing,  where  you  see  the  drawbridf^e  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad. 

Croion  Point.     Just  a1)0ve  Croton  River. 

Teller's  Point.  That  part  of  Croton  Point  Mhich  juts  into  the  Hudson. 
Here  is  Underhill's  grapery,  and  this  ]W)int  separates  Tappan  Zee  from 
Haverstraw  Ba3^ 

Lk 


Crotoii.     Just  above  the  Point,  on  tlie  eastern  side. 

Ilaverstiunc  Bay.  The  widest  part  of  the  Hudson — tive  miles  from  Havcr- 
straw  to  Croton.  Hekl  as  it  were  in  the  arms  of  Croton  Point  on  the  south, 
and  Yer})lank's  Point  on  the  jiorth. 

IlaverdraiD.  On  west  bank.  Two  miles  of  brick-yard,  north  of  Ilavcr- 
straw,  line  the  river 

High-thorn,  or  Thoruhill.  The  highest  peak  near  the  village,  to  the  south- 
west. 

Treason  Hill.  Noi-th  of  Ilaverstraw,  where  Arnold  and  Andre  met,  at  the 
house  of  Joshua  Hett  Smith. 

Grassy  Point.     On  west  side,  two  miles  above  Ilaverstraw. 

Monirasses  Point.     On  the  east  side. 

Minnissickongo  Creek  flows  into  the  Hudson,  just  above  Grass}'  Point 

Stony  Point.  One  mile  above  Grassy  Point,  on  Avest  side.  Tiie  house  and 
lighthouse  built  on  the  site  of  the  old  foil,  and  in  part  of  the  same  material. 

Verplank\s  Point.  On  east  side,  directly  opposite.  The  river  here  is  only 
half  a  mile  wide.  This  was  known  as  King's  Feriy,  at  and  before  the  Pe- 
volulion.     The  Point  is  now  iidorned  with  brIck-A-ards. 

Tompkins  Cone.     Lime-kiln  and  quarry  on  west  side. 

Peekskill.  On  east  bank,  above  Veij^lank's  Point,  forty-two  mik-s  liom 
New  York. 

KidiVs  Point.  Now  called  Caldwell's  Landing,  on  Avest  side.  Tlie  steamer 
turns  this  point  almost  at  right  angles,  and  enters  the  Highlands. 

Punderherg,  or  Dunderbari'ack,  a  mountain  on  Mest  bank,  tdiout  1,000  fert 
high. 

lona  Island.     Grapeiy,  and  fine  picnic  grounds. 

The  Nameless  Higldanll.  On  east  side.  It  lises  in  two  peaks,  something 
lii\e  Dumbarton  Crag,  on  the  river  (J'lydc 

The  Pace.  The  river  channel  is  so  icinicd  by  navigators,  between  lona 
Island  and  the  cast  bank. 

Anthony's  Nose.  Prominent  feature  of  the  river,  1500  feet  high.  The 
railroad  tunnel  is  near  the  rivei'.  In  fiont  of  tunnel  a  hole  in  the  rock. 
Here  was  fastened  one  end  of  tlie  chain  that  was  thrown  across  the  channel 
to  obstruct  British  ships  during  tlu'  Uevohition. 

Montgomery  Creek,  on  west  side,  empties  into  tlie  Hudson  about  opposite 
the  point  of  Anthony's  Nose. 

II 


Fort  Clinton  was  on  the  soulli  side  of  this  Creek,  and  Fo7't  Moni(j<nnery  on 
tiie  nortli  side. 

Highland  X«A,'c,  about  one  mile  in  circaniference,on  tlie  south  side  of  j\[ont- 
goniery  Creek.     The  site  is  niaiked  by  an  ice-house. 

Sugar-Loaf.  Turning-  Anthony's  Nose  Ave  get  a  good  view  of  Sugar-Loaf 
IVtountuin  to  the  north.  Cone-shaped,  like  Ailsa  Ci'ag,  between  Belfast  and 
Glasgow. 

David  McGuire's  Residence,  soutii  of  Sugai'-Loaf,  on  east  side. 

Beverly  Dock,  on  east  bank,  where  Arnold  tied  to  tlie  "Vulture."  A  little 
boat-house  now  marks  the  point. 

Hamilton  Fish  has  a  residence  on  the  bluff  under  Sugar-Loaf  A  brick 
house,  with  flat  roof. 

'■'■  Benny  Havens^  Oh!''^  As  the  steamer  approaches  Cozzen's  Landing  we 
see  a  small  two-story  house,  with  veiandah.  Here  still  lives  Benny  Havens, 
the  original  of  the  West  Point  and  College  song. 

Parry  House,  south  of  Cozzen's  Hotel,  near  the  river.  Picturesque  ruins 
of  an  old  mill  in  front. 

Buttermilk  F(dls.     A  cascade  above  the  Parry  House. 

Co2zen\s  Hotel  On  a  rock  two  hundred  feet  above  the  liver.  Highland 
Falls  Village  lies  behind  the  bluff,  a  i)lace  of  about  3,000  inhabitants.  (Not 
seen  from  the  rivei-.) 

Cozzen's  Landing.  A  romantic  road  cut  through  the  rock  leads  from  the 
landing  to  tiie  hotel. 

West-Point  Landing.  A  shoi-t  mile  above  Cozzen's  Landing.  Acadeni}', 
Government  Buildings,  Parade  Grounds,  &c.,  on  the  finest  elevation  on  the 
Hudson. 

Oarrison.     Opposite  West  Point,  on  east  bank. 

The  Highland  House.  On  east  side,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  river,  on  a 
magnificent  plateau,  inclosed  by  the  North  and  South  Redoubt  Mountains. 
Indian  Falls  in  the  vicinity. 

Kosciusco's  Monument.     Seen  on  the  west  side,  above  West-Point  Landing. 

Fort  Putnam,  596  feet  high,  ovei'looks  the  river,  on  the  west  side.  A  gray 
and  veteran  ruin  of  '76. 

West-Point  Lighthouse.  The  Hudson  here  turns  a  right  angle.  Roe's  Hotel 
has  a  fine  look  off  to  the  north.     West-Point  Village  around  the  Point. 

Constitution  Lsland,  o\)\M)^\iQ  the  Point.  Here  are  also  seen  ruins  of '76. 
Near  the  river,  home  of  Miss  Warner,  author  of  "Queechy  "  and  "  The  Wide, 

12 


■ROAD  TO   COZZENS'   DOCK. 

"The  main  road,  partly  cut  like  a  sloping  teiTace  in  the  rocks,  is 
picturesque  at  every  turn,  but  especially  near  the  landing,  -where 
pleasant  glimpses  of  the  river  and  its  water  craft  may  be  seen." — From 
Lossing's  *' Hudsoji,  From  the  Wilderness  to  the  Sea.'' 


Wide  World," — a  neat  "white  cottag-c,  surrounded  by  .rees,  above  the  l)oat- 
house.     A  chain  was  also  thrown  across  from  this  Island  to  West  Point. 

21ie  Two  Broiliers.  Twin  rocks  above  Constitution  Island,  covered  in  high 
"water. 

Old  Cro'-Nest  ^fountain.  On  west  side,  above  the  Pohit,  1,418  feet  high. 
Scene  of  Rodman  Drake's  "Culprit  Fay." 

KidcVs  Plug  Cliff.  The  precipice  fionting  the  river,  toward  the  norlhei'n 
peak  of  Cro'-Nest. 

Cold  Spring.     On  east  bank,  opposite  Old  CnV-Nest. 

Uridercliff.  A  short  distance  north  of  Cold  Spring,  once  the  home  of  Geo. 
P.  Morris,  on  aJi  elevated  plateau  above  the  river. 

Mount  Taurus,  or  Bull  Hill,  above  Underclilf. 

Little  Stony  Point.  Under  Mount  Taurus.  Named  from  resemblance  to 
Stony  Point,  south  of  the  Highlands. 

Break  Neck.  Above  Mount  Taurus,  on  the  east  side.  Here  Avas  once  the 
Turk's  Face,  now  blasted  a\Ya3\  It  is  said  a  man  did  it  in  spite,  and  was 
soon  after  "  blown  np"  himself 

Storm  King.  On  west  bank,  above  Old  Cro'-Nest.  It  was  once  known 
as  Butter  Hill,  and  yenrs  ago  as  Klinkersberg.  Its  present  name  was  given 
by  AVillis.     This  is  the  highest  point  of  the  Highlands — about  1800  leet. 

Beacon  Hill  is  now  seen  on  the#;ast  bank,  after  passing  Break-Neck— about 
1471  feet  high. 

Fislikill  3Ionntalns  trend  off  to  the  northeast,  across  the  southern  part  of 
Duchess  County. 

Cormcall,  "with  its  pleasant  Summer  Homes  on  west  side  above  Storm 
King. 

PollipeVs  Island.     At  upper  portal  of  the  Highlands,  near  the  east  bank. 

Idlewild.  Once  home  of  N.  P.  Willis,  on  west  side,  about  one  mile  above 
Cornwall.  (Gothic  house  north  of  an  open  tield,  the  3rd  above  a  high  towered 
building.) 

Neio  Windsor,  on  west,  side  about  4  miles  north  of  Cornwall,  once  the  rival 
of  Newburgh  :  now  a  brick-yard. 

Neiohurgh  Bay.  The  river  here  "widens  into  one  of  the  finest  bays  oji  the 
Hudson. 

Washington'' s  Head  Quarters.  As  the  boat  approaches  the  city,  we  s,ee  the 
Head  Quarters  of  Washington  ;  a  flag-staff  marks  the  point.     The  old  build- 

14 


ing  is  also  seen  with  tall  cliimueys  and  steep  roof  almost  sloping  to  the 
foundations.  ^' . 

Newhurgh  City.     Rising  in  natural  terraces.  ^  ^ 

Fisfikill  Landing.     On  east  side  opposite  Newburgh. 

Low  Point,  or  CartJuige.     On  east  side  aljove  Fishkill. 

Devil's  Dans  Kaiiimer.  Flat  rock  on  the  Avest  side,  covered  with  Cedars, 
named  tlie  Devil's  Dancing  Chamber  by  Heudrich  Hudson  from  an  Induin 
Po\v-\vow  witnessed  here. 

New  Hamburgh,  above  Low  Pcjiiit,  on  ilie  east  side  at  the  mouth  of  AVa}*- 
l)inger's  Creek. 

Hampion  Point,  opposite  New  IbMubundi.  llcrc  arc  llie  liucst  white  cedars 
on  the  river. 

Marlborough.     Also  on  west  side  above  Hampton  Point. 

Barnegat,  on  east  side. 

t>Jiaicangunk  Mountains,  (»n  the  west  side  reach  away  in  the  distance 
toward  the  Catskills. 

Milton.  The  ra.^pberiy  and  strawbeiry  town  on  Mest  side  above  I\[arl- 
borough. 

Locust  Grove.  Large  brown  hou.si;  on  east  side,  Avith  square  tower,  home 
of  the  late  Prof  S.  F.  13.  iMorse. 

PuugJikeejisie  Cemetery,  on  cast  side ;  old  Livingston  Place  directly  above 
on  a  wooded  point;  near  by  a  large  rolling  mill  is  being  built. 

Pouajtkecpsle,  7-4  miles  fnnn  New  York.  Queen  City  of  the  Hudson. 
Situated  lor  the  most  part  on  a  plateau  about  200  feet  above  the  river. 

Eivervieio  Military  Academy.     Large  brick  building  on  a  tine  eminence. 

Buckeye  Mower  Manufactory,  Adriance,  Piatt  *fc  Co.,  proprietors.  Fine 
l»uildings,  near  the  river 'l)ank. 

Kaal  Bock,  near  Poughkeepsie  landing.     Its  name  signifies  liarren  Rock. 

Vassar  Brewei'y.     Long  white  buildings  above  the  landing. 

New  Paltz  Landing,  oppositii  Poughkeepsie.  The  west  banks  here  are  also 
line  and  picturesque. 

Poughkeepsie  Water  Works.  On  east  bank  about  one  mile  a1)ove  the  land- 
ing. Tlic  water  is  forced  from  the  river  to  a  reservtnr  on  Academy  Hill. 
Tlie  hill  is  crowned  b^^Hon.  George  Morgan's  residence,  built  after  the  model 
of  the  Parthenon. 

Mr.  Winslo^d's  Besidence,  on  east  bank. 

15 


The  Insane  Asylum.     About  two  miles  jibovc  Poiiglikccpsie. 

Joseplb  Boor  man,  First  President  of  tiic  liiulsoii  Kiver  11.  R.,  lives  about 
3  miles  north  of  Insane  Asylum,  -wliere  an  iron  bridge  crosses  the  track.  A 
pretty  stone  sunnner  house  on  the  point. 

Hyde  Park,  on  east  side,  six  miles  north  of  Poughkeepsie.  Connected 
with  Poughkeepsie  by  a  succession  of  villas;  the  linest  drive  in  the  country. 

Placentia,  on  west  side,  about  one  mile  above  Hyde  Park.  Once  home 
of  James  K.  Pauldinfr,  friend  of  Washington  Irving. 

Doctor  Hussack's  Estate,  on  east  side.  The  liont  painted  blue  and  white. 
Corinthian  pillars. 

JEsopus  Island  and  Meadows,  on  west  side. 

Staatsburgh,  above  Ilj'de  Pajk  on  east  side.  Mr.  Pell's  gix-at  apple  orchard 
almost  opposite;  stone  store-house  near  tiie  rivei'.  '^I'he  river  begins  to  widen 
into  Rondout  Ba}'. 

mUnecUff,  or  Phineheck  Landing,  on  the  east  side. 

Rondout,  or  City  of  Kingston,  on  west  side.  A  little  south  of  Rondout  is 
Port  Ewen,  known  as  the  "Deserted  Village." 

Eokehy.  Wm.  B.  Astor's  residence,  above  RhineclitF,  with  tower  and 
pointed  roof. 

Barrytoion,  on  cast  side. 

Cruger's  Island.  2  miles  above  Banytown,  with  an  imported  ruin  from 
Ital}'  on  the  south  end  of  Island. 

Tivoli,  on  east  side,  100  miles  from  New  York. 

Glasgo.     A  little  south  of  Tivoli,  on  west  side.  * 

Saugerties.  A  little  to  the  north  of  Tivoli,  on  west  side,  at  the  mouth  of 
Esopus  Creek. 

Maiden.     Above  Saugerties,  on  west  side.     Dock  covered  with  bhie  stone 

Clermont.     Above  Tivoli,  on  east  side.     The  original  Livingston  manor. 

West  Camp.     On  west  side,  above  Maiden. 

Four  County  Island.  Near  west  bank  ;  the  "  meeting  point  "  of  Duchess, 
Columbia,  Greene,  and  Ulster. 

Germantown.     On  east  side.     105  miles  from  New  York. 

Man  brtJw  Mountain.  Fiom  this  point  we  get  a  line  view  of  the  reclining 
giant.  You  can  trace  it  b}'  the  following  outline: — tlie  peak  to  the  south  is 
the  knee ;  the  next  to  the  north  the  breast ;  and  two  or  three  above  this,  the 
chin,  the  nose,  and  Wxa  forehead. 

i6 


Round  Top.     Tht  highest  point  of  the  Catsk ills,  4000  feet  high. 

Catukill  Mountain  House^  "wiU  be  seen  in  a  clenr  ([\\y  like  a  snow  drift, 
left  ou  the  mountains. 

Livingston.  On  e^ist  side.  A  small  station  on  ilie  Hudson  River  Rail  Road, 
about  4  miles  above  Gcrmantown. 

Catskill.     On  %vest  side,  just  above  Catskill  Creek. 

Prospect  Point  Hotel.     On  a  fine  eminence  to  nortli  of  landing. 

Church,  the  Artist,  has  a  new  residence  on  east  side  on  a  hill,  almost  op- 
posite Catskill. 

Mount  Merino.  On  east  side,  al)0Ut  two  miles  up  the  river.  Owned  liy 
Col.  O.  D.  Ashley. 

Hudson.     On  east  side.     Promenade  hill  just  above  the  landing. 

Athens.  Opposite.  Hudson  River  Dej^ot  for  freight,  large  l)uilding  near 
the  river. 

Stockport.  On  east  side,  four  miles  norlh  of  Huds<m,  near  the  moulh  of 
Columbiaville  Creek.  This  creek  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Kinderhook 
and  Claverack  Creeks. 

Four-fnile-Point.  On  west  side,  about  125  feet  liigh  ;  four  miles  from 
Hudson  and  four  from  Coxsackie.  Narrow  channel  for  2  miles  close  to  the 
west  shore.  Aveiage  alxMit  uoO  feet  wide.  At  upper  end  of  luurow  channel 
Grape  vine  dock  and  a  Gi'apery  of  100  acres. 

Coxsackie.     On  west  side,  8  mile-i  from  Hudson. 
Newton  Hook  \  opposite  Coxsackie ;  tlie  wooded  point  is  called  Prospect  Grove. 

Stuyresant.     On  the  east  side.     Once  called  Kindeihook  Landing. 

Scliodack  IxJand.  On  east  side,  about  Iwo  miles  above  Sluyvesant.  The 
island  is  about  3  miles  long,  covered  mostly  with  broom  corn. 

Neio  Baltimore.  About  opposite  tiie  centre  of  Schodack  Island  ;  fifteen 
miles  from  Hudson  anVl  fifteen  from  Albany.  The  government  dykes  begin 
opposite  New  Baltimore. 

Barren  Island.  Site  of  the  lamous  "Castle  of  Rensselaerstien,"  (vid. 
Irving's  Knickerbocker).  Four  counties  also  meet  here,—  Columbia,  Rensse- 
laer, Greene,  and  Albany.     Island  'i  mile  Ioult,  '"  mile  wide. 

Coeymans.  Right  above  Batien  Island;  connected  with  a  dyke.  Above. 
Coeymans  is  what  is  known  as  the  Co(wmans'  Cross  Over. 

Shad  Island.  The  first  island  to  the  westward  above  Coeymans  ;  3  miles 
long;  old  Indian  fishing  ground. 

17 


Nmenmil^Tree.  Ou  east  bank.  Castleton.  One  mile  above  Tree,  on  east 
side.      CamjjbeWs  Island.     On  lower  end  a  light. 

Cedar  Ihll  Dock.    Oi>posite  this  light.  , 

Siaats  Island.  Above  Campbell's  Island.  This  was  settled  by  the  hstaats 
fainily  belbre  the  arrival  of  the  Van  Rensselaers',  and  never  belonged  to  the 
Patroon.  The  house  is  about  200  years  old;  at  least  a  part  of  it,  and  mostly 
built  of  stone. 

The  Overslaugh  reaches  from  Van  Wies'  Point;  (the  first  point  above  Cedar 
Hill,)  about  two  miles  up  the  river. 

Albany  is  now  near  at  hand,  and  we  see  to  the  south  the  Convent  of  the 
Sacred  Heart;  to  the  north  the  Cathedral,  the  Capitol,  the  State  House,  the 
City  Hall,  &c.  Greenbush  opposite.  Connected  with  Albany  by  fenies 
and  two  fine  substantial  bridges. 

2'roy,  on  cast  bank,  six  miles  from  Albany.     West  Troy,  opposite. 

Thus,  in  brief,  we  have  traced  the  river,  as  it  were  step  by  step,  from 
New  York  to  the  head  of  tide-water;  and  we  have  endeavored  to  m.ike 
these  pages  a  practical  Guide-Board  to  the  various  points  of  historic  and  le- 
gendar}'-  interest  Avhicii  literally  fill  our  river  valley.  The  Hand,  whose  index 
finger  has  thus  far  pointed  north,  opens  at  Albany,  and  with  five  fingers 
points  to — 

1.  Cooperstown,  Sharon  and  Richfield  Spiings. 

2.  Niagara  Falls  and  Watkins  Glen. 

o.  Saratoga,  Lake  George  and  Plattsburg. 

4.  Montreal,  and  the  Thousand  Islands. 

5.  The  White  and  Green   ]\Iountaius. 

To  each  of  these  summer  routes  we  \vill  call  joui"  attention,  at  tlie  close 
of  the  Hudson  sketch. 

And  now,  as  we  present  our  Hudson  Handbook  for  the  fifth  3'ear  to  the 
traveling  public,  we  wish  to  express  our  acknowledgments  to  the  genlle- 
mauly  captains  and  pilots  of  the  day-boats,  for  man}''  facts  here  presented  in 
this  analysis,— /*7c/fs  which  we  could  not  have  gathered  either  from  books  or 
libraiies.  VVe  would  also  acknowledge  the  kintBiess  of  our  friend  ]\Ir.  Benson 
J.  Lossing,  and  his  publishers,  IMessrs.  Virtue  &  Yorston,  12  Dey  Street,  in 
allowing  us  a  selection  of  Iheir  beautiful  cuts,which  have  made  the  "  Hudson, 
from  the  Wilderness  to  the  Sea,"  a  book  without  a  rival,  either  In  England 
or  A  merica.  w.  b. 

i8 


THE  HIGHLANDS  BY  DAYLIGHT. 

'*  As  the  cradle  of  steam  navigation  Avas  first  rockcl  upon  the  bosom  of  the  Hudson,  it  is 
fitting  that  our  river  slioul<l  have  the  liuest  appointed  steamboats  in  the  world;  auU  she 
has  thcmJ'  W.  B. 

Sixteen  hmidied  tbonsand  i^eople  reside  in  the  ci;ies  of  New  York, 
Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  and  Hoboken.  How  many  of  tliis  busy  multitude 
a])preciate  the  fact  that  tliey  are  living  at  the  portal  of  the  finciiit  liver 
in  the  world  ?  Visitors  from  every  state  of  this  widc^  "C'-ntennial  coun- 
try," come  five  hundred  and  a  thousand  miles  to  see  Sunnyside,  the 
Highlands,  and  the  Catskills,  \\hile  the  great  mass  of  the  brightest  and 
clearc>.st  headed  city  in  Christendom,  are  ig-iiorant  of  the  combiued 
health  and  pleasure  of  a  three  houi's  trip  to  West  Point,  Cornwall,  New- 
burgh,  Poughkeepsie  or  Kingston. 

The  "Mary  Powell, "the  most  popidar  steamboat  on  the  river,  leaves 
Vestry  Street  Pier  everj  afternoon  at  half  past  three  o'clock,  and  passes 
through  tlie  Highlands  lietween  six  and  seven,  the  pleasantest  hour  to 
see  the  fiiest  sceneiy  of  the  Hudson.  The  grand  mountains  for  twenty 
miles  are  full  of  changing  light  and  sluidow.  In  fact  the  sun  seems  for 
tii(^  time  to  lore  his  dignity  and  stability, 

To  play  hide  and  seek  with  each  mountain  peak, 

;ind  when  finally  losL  to  our  'ilght  behind  the  heavy  brow  of  the  "  Dun- 
derberglis,"  and  ol  1  '•Storm  King,"  to  touch  wich  gentle  ray  and  loving 
kindness  "  Sugar  Loai  "  and  "  Anthony's  Nose." 

It  is  certainly  safe  to  f-uy  that  the  Mary  Powell  is  the  newest  and 
finest  Steamboat  on  the  river,  nnd  loaves  NeAv  York  at  a  pleasant  hour 
for  the  Tourist,  the  pleasure  seeker,  or  the  man  of  business.  Captain 
Ahde'son  has  not  spared  ei  her  puins  or  cost  to  make  his  Steamboat 
complete  in  ev.  ry  i)articulnr,  always  having  in  view  the  safety  and  se- 
curity of  his  passengers.  He  has  expended  seventy-five  thousand  dollars 
during  the  last  winter,  so  that  she  has  literally  renewed  hci"  youth.  The 
Boiler  is  made  of  steel  capable  of  lieaiing  10  >  pounds  ]iressiire,  whereas 
she  only  requires  from  17  to  25  pounds  to  make  her  running  time,  thus 
using  only  one  fourth  of  her  real  strength. 

19 


HUDSON  EIVER 

STEAMBOATS. 

The  following  list  embnices  the 

Passage 

Boatt^ 

built  and   running:  on  tlie  Hudson 

Kiver,  between  New  York,  Albany 

and 

Troy  :    since  their  iirtit  introduction  by  Robert    | 

Fulton,  in  tlie 

lull  of  1807. 

AVhen  built. 

Names. 

Tons. 

Remarks. 

]807. 

Clermont. 

Clianged  to  "  North  River." 

1803. 

North  River 

166 

Broken  up. 

180:). 

Car  of  Neptune. 

295 

U                 (. 

1811. 

Hope. 

280 

((                   C( 

1811. 

Perseverance. 

280 

a           (( 

ISll. 

Paraxon. 

331 

Sunk  1825. 

1813. 

Richmond. 

370 

Broken  np. 

1815. 

Olive  IJranch. 

295 

U                        4k 

1816. 

Cliancellor  Livingston. 

495 

«(                         (( 

1823. 

Janie's  Kent. 

364 

Coal  Barge. 

1824. 

Hudson. 

170 

Bndven  up. 

18-25. 

.Sandusky. 

289 

Tow  Boat. 

1825. 

Constitution. 

275 

Now  •'  Indiana." 

1825. 

Coiislellatioii. 

276 

Tow  Barge. 

1825. 

Cliief  Justice  Marshall. 

300 

Lost  in  Long  Island  Sound. 

1825. 

Saratoga. 

250 

Tow  Barge. 

1826. 

Sun. 

2S0 

Burnt  1831. 

1826. 

New  Pliiladelphia. 

300 

Runs  on  Delaware  River. 

1826. 

Cliampion. 

1827. 

Nimrod. 

1827. 

All)any. 

298 

Runs  to  Trov. 

1827. 

Independence. 

368 

On  Phihidelpliia  Route. 

1827. 

Nort  1  America. 

497 

Der^ti-oved  bv  Ice,  1839. 

1827. 

Victory. 

290 

Sunk  in  181.5. 

1828. 

De  Witt  Clintxin. 

571 

Engine  in  Knickerbocker 

1829. 

Ohio. 

412 

Tow  B:irgc. 

1830. 

Novelty. 

477 

Broken  up. 

1832. 

Cliami)lain. 

471 

Tow  Barge. 

1832. 

Erie. 

472 

a            i»  "" 

1833. 

Helen. 

Desfioyed  1831 

1835. 

Robert  L  Stevens. 

288 

Runs  to  Saugeities. 

1835. 

Westchester. 

Runs  to  Albany. 

1836. 

Rocliester. 

491 

u                      I. 

1836. 

Emerald. 

<(             (i 

1836. 

Swallow. 

426 

Destroyed  April  7tli,  1815 

1837. 

UTica. 

340 

Runs  to  Albany. 

1838. 

Diamond. 
B:«h)(m. 

398 

Ijaid  up. 

1839. 

204 

Runs  to  Newark. 

1839. 

Nortli  America. 

494 

Runs  to  Albany. 

1810. 

Soutli  America. 

638 

U                    il 

1810. 

Troy. 

724 

Runs  to  Tro}'. 

1811. 

Cohnnbia. 

391 

Runs  lo  Albany. 

1841. 

Rainbow. 

230 

On  Dehiware  River. 

1812. 

Curtis  Peck. 

On  .James  River,  Va. 

1813. 

Empire. 

936 

Runs  to  Troy 

1813. 

Knickerbocker. 

858 

Runs  to  y\lbany. 

20 

Whfu  built. 

Names. 

Tous. 

Remarks. 

]',elle. 

430 

Kuu.s  10  Albany. 

Exjtiet-s. 

288 

a              u 

1844. 

Aluhi. 

il                  u 

1810. 

'Shiiiiivii. 

730 

Ituns  to  Troy. 

18. .J. 

Kij)  A'an  Winkle. 

510 

Runs  to  Albany. 

1  3  !.3. 

UfudricU  Hudson. 

1170 

.. 

18 'd.     Nuwloi 

Kunt-  to  All)i 

uy. 

IS62. 

Daniel  Drew.       Ivu 

13J8.     11. 

•niv  CI. IV. 

18G4. 

C.  N'ibbard 

13  ;8.     Aniifui 

I. 

1864. 

St.  .Joiin. 

l.-5.';0.     New  \\ 

'o:id. 

1865. 

Dean  IJiclimond. 

18.31.     K( 

iiide-t 

i: 

1866. 

Drew. 

l3Ci.     M 

iiv  r 

owiU.                "     lioiui 

out. 

Ivuns  to  Albany. 


For  tir;  bii-t  lifteen  years  we  only  mention  the  principal  Steamboats,  as  tbey  liavc 
niultiiiiied  too  rapidly  for  a  general  list. 

It  makes  one  smile  to  read  the  newspaper  notices  of  (hose  days,  and  we  pivo  some 
of  them  lor  the  bcnclit  of  the  traveler.  The  time  was  rather  long,  and  the  fare  rather 
hi^h — thirty-six  hours  to  Albany,  fare  seven  dollars. 

Extract  from  Picturcsqae  Tourist,  puhliihtd  b//  J.  Dl»tnrnell   1844. 

■'  Passenjrer  IJar^es.  In  1826,  the  steamboat  Comnieri-e,  Captain  Georire  E.  Seymoui-, 
f  »wert  the  passeniLfer  baru^e  Lady  Clinton,  and  the  steamboat  Swiftsure,  Captain  Cow- 
den,  towed  tlie  i)asseni,'er  barge  Eady  Van  Kensselaer."' 

Co^»l  of  an  adccrtinancnl  talcn  from  the  Album/  Gazcttt ,  dated  Se/itembcr,  1807. 

'•The  North  Kiver  Steamboat  will  leave  P.iulii.s  Hook  Feiry  (now  Jersey  Cilv) 
on  Fritlay  the  4th  of  Siptember  at  'J  in  the  morning',  and  arrive  at  Albany  atl>  in  ihe 
afternoon  on  Saturday.  l'rovision.<,  good  berlh.-<,  and  accommodalion  are  [)rovided. 
The  fliarge  to  each  passenger  is  as  follows: 

To    Newburg 

PoMLchkeepsie.     .... 
Esoims.   ...  .         . 

Iluiisvin 

Albany 

I'or  phues  apply   to    Wni.  Vamlervoort,  No. 
Creeuwieh  street,  September  2d,  1807. 

Extract  from  the  New  York  Eoenin/j  Post,  dated  October  2d,  1807. 

iMr.  Fulton's  new-invented  steamboat,  which  is  litti-d  up  in  a  neat  style  for  ]>assen- 
ixr\f,  and  is  intended  to  run  from  New  York  to  Albany  as  a  )>a»ket,  left  here  this 
morning  with  ninety  passengers,  against  a  strong  head  w  ind.  Notwithstanding  width, 
It  was  judged  she  moved  through  the  waters  at  the  rate  of  six  miles  an  hour. 

Extract  from  the  Albany  Gazette,  dated  October  IJth,  1807. 

Friday,  October  2d,  1807,  the  steamboat  (Clermont)  left  New  York  at  ten  o'clock 
a.  m:,  against  a  stoimy  tide,  very  rough  water,  and  a  violent  gale  frotn  the  north. 
She  made  a  headway  beyond  the  mo^t  sanguine  expectations,  and  without  being  rock»-d 
by  the  waves. 

Arrived  at  Albany,  October  4lh  at  10  o'clock  p.  m.,  being  detained  by  being  oidi.ued 
to  come  to  anchor,  owing  to  a  gale  and  having  one  of  her  paddle  wheels  lore  away  by 
running  foul  of  a  sloop. 

21 


.     Dols 

3. 

Time  1  1  hours. 

l( 

4. 

" 

J7    " 

t( 

5 

n 

20    " 

:'. 

51. 

n 

30    " 

36    " 

3  Courll 

md 

street. 

on  the  corner 

of 

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m   THE   WOELD. 


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A  -CIDENT    POLICIES    WRITTEN 380,000. 

LIFE    POLICIES    WRITTEN 22,000. 

PAID    IN    CASH     BENEFITS 2,500,000. 

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>*•*>■  » 


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1^^  Apj^dij  to  any  A(/ent,  or  write  tu  the  Cov'jjany,  at  Hartford,  Conn. 

New  York  Office,  207  Broadway  ;  Boston  Office,  221  "Washington  St. ;  Montreal  Office, 
199  St.  James  St.    Agents  everywhere. 


THE    IIUDSOJSr. 


The  Hudson  lias  been  calle<l  tlie  Sliate-inuck,  the  Mohegan,  the  Man- 
liatlan,  tlie  Noordt  Montaigne,  tlie  Mauritius,  tlie  Nortli  Itiver,  and  the 
River  of  the  Mountains.  It  was  called  the  Hudson  Kiver,  not  by  the 
Dutch  as  generally  stated,  but  by  the  English,  as  Henry  Hudson  was  an 
Englislmian,  altliough  he  sailed  from  a  Dutcli  ])ort,  with  a  Dutch  crew, 
and  a  Dutch  vessel.     The  river  was  called    the  Mauritius  in  a  letter  to 


OLOFFK   VAN    KORTtANDT's    DKFAM. 

the  "High  and  mighty  Lords"  of  Holland,  M-ritten  November  5,  1020. 
It  was  called  the  North  River  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Delaware,  called 
the  South  River.  The  Spaniards  called  it  the  River  of  the  Mountains. 
It  was  discovered  in  the  year  1609.  The  town  of  Communipaw  was 
founded  soon  after,  and  according  to  Knickerbocker, — whose  quiet  humor 
is  always  read  and  re-read  with  pleasure, — might  justly  be  considered 
the  mother  colony  of  our  glorious  city:    for  lo!  the  sage  Oloffe  Van 

23 


Kortlandt  dresimed  a  dream,  and  the  good  St.  Nicholas  came  riding 
over  the  toj^s  of  the  trees,  and  descended  upon  the  island  of  Manhattan 
and  sat  himself  down  and  smoked,  "and  the  smoke  ascended  into  the 
sky,  and  formed  a  cloud  overhead  ;  and  Olofife  bethought  him,  and  he 
hastened  and  cKmbed  up  to  the  top  of  one  of  the  tallest  trees,  and  saw 
that  the  smoke  spread  over  a  great  extent  of  country;  and,  as  he  con- 
sidered it  more  attentively,  he  fancied  that  the  great  volume  assumed 
a  variety  of  marvelous  forms,  where,  in  dim  obscurity,  he  saw  shadowed 
out  palaces  and  domes  and  lofty  spires,  all  of  which  lasted  but  a  mo- 
ment, and  then  passed  away."  So  New  York,  like  Alba  Longa  and 
Rome,  and  other  cities  of  antiquity,  was  under  the  immediate  care  of 
its  tutelar  saint.  Its  destiny  was  foreshadowed,  for  now  the  i^alaccs 
and  domes  and  lofty  spires  are  real  and  genuine,  and  something  more 
than  dreams  are  made  of. 

New  Yoek,  by  virtue  of  its  admirable  position,  soon  became  the 
headquarters  of  the  fur  trade.  The  merchants  of  North  Holland  or- 
ganized a  comjiany,  and  obtained  from  the  States  General,  in  1G14,  a 
charter  to  trade  in  the  New  Netherlands  ;  and,  soon  after,  a  colcny 
built  a  few  houses  and  a  fort  near  the  Battery.  The  entire  island  wa;i 
imrchascd  from  the  Indians,  1624,  for  the  sum  of  sixty  g-uilderr^,  or 
about  twenty-four  dollars.  A  fort  was  also  built  at  Albany  in  1023,  and 
known  as  Eort  Aurania,  or  Fort  Orange.  New  York  was  called  for 
years  New  Amsterdam  ;  but  in  the  year  1064,  Avhen  ttcse  forts  were 
surrendered  to  the  English,  the  two  settlements  took  the  names  of  New 
York  and  Albany,  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany.  In  June, 
1636,  the  first  land  was  bought  on  Long  Island ;  and  in  1667  the  Ferry 
Town,  opposite  New  York,  was  known  by  the  name  Breuckelen,  sig- 
nifying broken  land,  but  the  name  was  not  generally  accepted  until 
after  the  Eevolution.  Bergen  was  the  oldest  settlement  in  New  Jersey. 
It  was  founded  in  1616  by  the  Dutch  colonists  to  the  New  Netherlands, 
and  received  its  name  from  Bergen,  in  Norway.  Paulus  Hook,  or 
Jersey  City,  in  1638  was  the  farm  of  William  Kieft,  Director-General  of 
the  Dutch  West  India  Company. 

So  much  for  the  early  history  of   New  York   and   the   surrounding 

24 


cities,  which  have  sprung  up  as  it  were  in  a  clay;  for,  as  late  as  1800  the 
city  of  Brooklyn  had  only  2,000  inhabitants,  and,  in  1820,  Jersey  City 
only  300. 

Hendeich  Hudson  and  the  Hai<f  Moon. — The  first  voyagers  np  the 
Hudson  were,  as  before  stated,  Hendrich  Hudson  and  his  crew  of  the 
"  Half  Moon."  He  anchored  off  Sandy  Hook  September  3d,  1G09,  and 
remained  off  the  Hook  a  httle  more  than  a  week.  He  then  passed 
through  the  Narrows,  and  anchored  in  what  is  now  called  Newark  Bay; 
on  the  12tli  resumed  his  voyage,  and,  drifting  Avith  the  tide,  anchored 
over  night  on  the  13th  just  above  lonkere  ;  on  the  14tli  x^assed  Tapi^an 
and  Haverstraw  Bays,  entered  the  Highlands,  and  anchored  for  the 
night  near  West  Point.  On  the  morning  of  the  15th  entered  Newburgh 
Bay,  and  reached  Catskill  on  tbe  IGth,  Athens  on  the  17tli,  and  Castlc- 
tou  and  Albany  on  the  18th,  and  then  sent  out  an  ex[)loring  boat  as  far 
as  Waterford.  His  return  voyage  began  on  the  23d.  He  anchored 
again  in  Newbiu-gh  Bay  the  25th,  and  reached  Stony  Point  October  1st ; 
reached  Sandy  Hook  the  4:th,  and  then  returned  to  Europe.  The 
"Half  Moon  "  was  becalmed  off  Sandy  Hook,  and  the  i:)eo23le  of  the 
mounta.'ns  came  to  see  them.  TVe  might  also  add,  in  this  place,  that  it 
i ;  claimed  by  some  that  Hendrich  Hudson  was  the  first  to  cull  the  river 
"  The  Ptiverof  the  Mountains,"  a  name  which  the  Sj^aniards  and  French 
afterw-ard  adopted.  The  Iroquois  called  it  the  Co-bat-a-tea.  The 
Moliegans  and  Lcnapes  called  it  theMohegan,  orMah-i-can-i-tuk — "the 
continually  flowing  waters, " — probably  from  the  tide,  which  rises  and 
falls  from  New  York  to  Troy.  The  name  Mauritius  wab  given  in  honor 
of  Prince  Maurice,  of  Nassau,  in  the  year  1611. 

The  Old  Be^vches. — The  Hudson  was  divided  at  one  time  by  the  old 
navigators,  long  before  the  days  of  "propelling  stearn, "  into  fourteen 
Beaches — one  of  which  names  is  still  used  in  the  jDoetic  name  of  Claver- 
ack,  the  Clover-Reach.  We  will  give  some  of  these  as  a  matter  of  his- 
toric interest: — 

The  Great  Chip-Rock  Reach — the  Palisades — weie  known  by  the 
old  Dutch  settlers  as  the  "Great  Chip,"  and  so  styled  in  the 
Bergen   Deed   of   Purchase,    viz.,    the   great  chip  above  Weehawken. 

25 


The  Tappan  Beacli,  on  the  cast  side  of  which  dwelt  the  Manhattans, 
on  the  west  side  the  SauMckans  and  the  Tappans.  The  third  reach 
extends  upward  to  a  nairow  i^oint  called  Haverstroo ;  then  comes  the 
Seylmaker  s  reach,  and  then  Crescent  reach  ;  next  Hoge's  reach,  and  then 
Vorsen  reach,  which  extends  to  ICinkersberg,  or  Storm  King,  the 
northern  jiortal  of  the  Highlands.  This  is  succeeded  by  Fisher's  reach, 
where,  on  the  east  side,  once  dwelt  a  race  of  savages  called  Pachami. 
"  This  reach,"  in  the  language  of  De  Laet,  "  extends  to  another  narrow 
l^ass,  where,  on  the  west,  is  a  point  of  land  which  juts  out,  covered  with 
sand,  opposite  a  bend  in  the  river,  on  which  another  nation  of  savages 
— the  Waoranccks — have  their  abode  at  a  place  called  Esopus.  Next, 
another  reach,  called  Claverack ;  then  Backerack ;  next  the  Playsier 
reach,  and  Vaste  reach,  as  far  as  Hinnenhock ;  then  the  Hunters  reach, 
as  far  as  Kinderhook  ;  and  Fisher's  Hook,  near  Shad  Island,  over  which, 
on  the  east  side,  dwell  the  Mohegans."  These  old  reaches  and  names 
have  long  passed  away  from  the  use  or  memory  of  even  the  river  pilots, 
and  may,  perhaps,  possess  interest  only  to  the  antiquarian.  But 
there  are 

FIVE  DIVISIONS,   OK   REACHES,  OF   THE    HUDSON, 

which  we  imagine  Avill  have  interest  for  all,  as  they  present  in  brief  an 
analysis  easy  to  be  remembered — divisions  marked  by  something  more 
substantial  than  sentiment  or  fancy,  expressing  five  distinct  charac- 
teiistics — 

GKANDEUK,  BEPOSE,   SUBLIMITY,  THE  PICTURESQUE,  BEAUTY. 

1.  The  Palisades,  an  unbroken  wall  of  rock  for  fifteen  miles — 
Grandeur. 

2.  The  Tappan  Zee,  surrounded  by  the  sloping  hills  of  Nyack,  Tarry- 
town,  and  Sleepy  Hollow — Repose. 

3.  The  Highlands,  where  the  Hudson  for  twenty  miles  plays  "hide 
and  seek  "  with  " hills  rock-ribbed  and  ancient  as  the  sun," — Sub- 
limity. 

4.  The  Hillsides  for  miles  above  and  below  Poughkeepsie — The 
Picturesque. 

5.  The  Catskills,  on  the  west,  throned  in  queenly  dignity — Beauty. 

26 


THE  PALISADES— GRANDEUE. 

"And  as  you  nearer  draw,  each  wooded  height 
Puts  off  the  azure  hues  by  distance  given. 
And  slowly  break  upon  the  enamored  sight 
Ravine,  oi-ag,  field,  and  wood,  in  colors  true  and  bright." 

We  know  of  no  other  river  in  the  world  which  presents  so  great  a 
variety  of  views  as  the  Hudson.  Throughout  its  whole  extent,  from 
the  "Wilderness  to  the  Sea,"  from  the  Adirondacks  to  Staten  Island, 
there  is  a  combination  of  the  finest  pictures;  and  each  division  which 
we  have  indicated  seems  to  illustrate  some  of  the  best  scenery  of  the 
old  world.  With  only  a  slight  stretch  of  fancy,  we  imagine  the  tourist 
may  find  Loch  Katrine  "  nestled  "  among  the  mountains  of  our  own 
Highlands;  will  see  iu  the  Catskills  the  Sunset  Mountains  of  Arran;  and 
in  the  Palisadts  the  Giant's  Causeway  of  Irelaud. 

In  reference  to  this  idea  of  picture  combination,  we  can  apjDroiJri- 
ately  cite  the  words  of  George  William  Curtis,  who  in'ouounces  the 
Hudson  grander  than  the  Rhine.  He  says,  "The  Danube  has  in  part 
glimpses  of  such  grandeur.  The  Elbe  has  sometimes  such  delicately 
pencilled  efiects.  But  no  European  river  is  so  lordly  in  its  bearing, 
none  flows  in  such  state  to  the  sea."  Thackeray,  also,  in  his  "Virgin- 
ians," ha3  given  to  the  Hudson  the  verdict  of  beauty;  and  w^e  imagine 
this  is  the  unprejudiced  opinion  of  tourists  and  travelers. 

The  Palisades,  or  Great  Chip  Rock,,  as  they  were  known  by  the  old 
Dutch  settlers,  present  the  same  bold  front  to  the  river  that  the  Giants' 
Causeway  does  to  the  ocean.  We  should  judge  these  rocks  to  be  of 
about  the  same  height  and  the  same  extent.  The  Palisades  are  from 
two  hundred  and  fifty  to  six  himdi'ed  feet  high,  and  extend  about  fifteen 
miles,  from  Fort  Lee  to  the  hills  of  Rocldand  County.  As  the  basaltic 
trap-rock  is  one  of  the  oldest  geological  formations,  we  might  still  ap- 
propriately style  the  Palisades  ''acJiip  of  the  old  block."  They  sepa- 
rate the  valley  of  the  Hudson  from  the  valley  of  the  Hackensack.  The 
Hackensack  rises  in  Rockland  Lake,  within  two  or  three  hundred  yards 
of  the  Hudson,  and  the  rivers  flow  tliirty  miles  side  by  side,  but  are 
efifectually  separated  from  each  other  by  a  wall  more  substantial  than 
even  the  2,000  mile  structure  of  the  "Heathen  Chinee." 

WEEHAWK»Ey,  one  of  the  sad  historic  spots  of  the  Hudson,  was  much 

27 


frequented  years  ago;  but  tlio  place  is  hardly  ever  visited  in  these  latter 
days.  In  fact,  everything  is  changed.  The  narrow  ledge  of  rock  where 
Hamilton  fell  in  a  duel  with  Aaron  Burr  on  the  morning  of  July  11 ,  1804, 
has  made  way  for  the  "West  Side  Raih-oad;  and  we  are  not  sorry  that  the 
last  vestige  connected  with  a  "false  code  of  honor"  has  been  removed. 


DUELIiINa    GBOTJND,  WEEHAWKEN. 

(From  Lossing's  "Hudson,  from  the  Wilderness  to  the  Sea.") 

The  St.  Andrew's  Society,  a  short  time  after  the  duel,  erected  a  monu- 
ment on  the  spot  to  the  memory  of  the  great  statesman,  but  that  toe 
was  gradually  destroyed  by  visitors,  and  taken  away  in  pieces,  souvenir.' 
of  a  sad  tragedy. 

2o 


Sputten  Duyvel  Ckhek. — This  is  the  first  i3oiiit  of  sj^ccia]  legendary 
interest,  and  takes  its  name  from  a  highl}^  chivah-ic  and  i)oetic  incident. 
It  seems  that  the  famous  Antony  Van  Corlear  was  despatched  one  even- 
ing with  an  important  message  up  the  Hudson.  When  he  arrived  at 
tliis  creek,  the  wind  was  high,  the  elements  were  in  an  uproar,  and  no 
boatman  at  hand.  "  For  a  short  time,"  it  is  said,  " he  vaj)ored  like  an 
impatient  ghost  ui^on  the  brink,  and  then,  bethinking  himself  of  the 
urgency  of  his  errand,  took  a  hearty  embrace  of  his  stono  bottle,  swore 
most  valorously  that  he  would  swim  across  en  spijt  en  Du.yvel  (in  spite 
of  the  Devil)  and  daiingiv  i^lunged  into  the  stream.  Luckless  Antony! 
Scarce  had  he  buffeted  half  way  over  when  he  was  observed  to  struggle 
violently,  as  if  battling  with  the  fpirit  of  the  waters.  Instinctively  he 
put  his  trumpet  to  his  mouth,  and  giving  a  vehement  blast — sank  for- 
rvcr  to  the  bottom." 

Passing  the  Convent  and  Academy  of  Mount  St.  Vincent,  a  fine 
."/cructnre  on  the  cast  bank  of  the  river,  we  come  to 

YoxKEiis,  where  Ilendrich  Hudson  anchored  one  September  evening, 
IGOO.  In  the  quaint  language  of  those  days,  ho  "found  a  loving  jioople, 
who  attained  great  age."  It  is  also  generally  believed  that  Ihi.s  was  the 
placo  where  Ilendrich  Hudson  and  his  mate,  llobert  Juet,  made  that 
sago  rxperiuK  nt,  gravely  recorded  in  the  narralive  of  the  discovery, 
"Oar  mister  and  hi;  mate  determined  to  try  sonui  of  the  chief  men  v)f 
the  country,  whether  they  ha  1  any  treachery  in  them;  so  they  took 
theni  dow^u  into  the  cabin,  and  gave  them  so  much  wine  and  aqua  vita) 
that  they  wore  all  verymerrie.  In  the  end  one  of  them  was  drunk,  and 
that  was  strange  to  theni,  for  they  could  r.ot  tell  how  to  take  it."  One 
thing  is  certain,  they  learned  how,  as  soon  as  they  had  opportunity — 
the  only  branch  of  civilization  for  which  they  appear  to  have  had  a 
natural  taste.  It  is  moreover  said  that  the  effect  of  this  imp<  'rted  jug- 
glery was  decidedly  strange,  and  soon  after  Hendrich's  dei^nrtnre  it 
came  to  be  believed  by  the  red  men,  v,ho  had  seen  the  zigzag  effect  of 
fii-e-water  on  their  brethren,  that  the  Hudson  must,  at  some  period  of 
the  world's  history,  have  bccojn?  inehrintnd,  to  have  made  snch  a  wind- 
ing channel  to  the  sea,  and  they  in?;tit7Ued  a  renrch  for  tlie  fire-water 

£g 


fountain.  Of  course  they  were  unable  to  find  the  mysterious  fountain ; 
but  the  real  legend  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  therefore  most  reliable  of 
our  liver  traditions.  This  is  the  mouth  of  the  Neperan,  or  Sawmill 
River,  and  here,  in  an  obscui'e  nook  of  the  Hudson,  west  of  the  creek, 
is  a  large  rock,  which  was  called  Meech-keek-assin,  or  Amackasin,  the 
great  stone  to  which  the  Indians  paid  reverence  as  an  evidence  of  the 
permanency  and  immutability  of  their  deity. 

It  is  generally  said  that  Yonkers  derived  its  name  from  Yonk-herr — 
the  young  heir,  or  young  sir,  of  the  Phillipsie  manor.  The  EngUsli 
and  Scotch  word,  however,  as  used  by  Shakespeare  and  Burns  (viz., 
yoiiker  and  younkers)  makes  a  voyage  to  a  foreign  langiiage  quite  un- 
necessary. 

The  old  manor  house,  near  the  river  and  above  the  landing,  was 
purchased  a  short  time  ago  by  the  village  of  Yonkers,  and  converted 
for  the  most  ^^nvi  into  offices  for  transacting  town  affairs.  The  older 
portion  of  the  house  was  built  in  1682;  the  present  front  in  1745.  The 
woodwork  is  very  interesting,  and  the  ceilings,  the  large  hall,  and  wide 
fireplace.  In  the  room  jDointed  out  as  Washington's  room,  the  fireplace 
still  retains  the  old  tiles,  "illustrating  familiar  passages  in  Bible  his- 
tory," fifty  on  each  side,  looking  as  clear  as  if  they  were  made  but 
yesterday.  The  town  is  growing  very  rapidly,  and  is  almost  a  part  of 
the  great  metropolis. 

Hastings,  foui*  miles  north  of  Yonkers  and  twenty-one  from  New 
York,  is  almost  opposite  the  highest  point  of  the  Palisades,  viz.,  *' Indian 
Head."  Here,  it  is  said.  Garibaldi  used  to  spend  his  Sundays  with 
Italian  friends,  at  the  time  that  he  was  ' '  keeping  a  soap  and  candle 
faaiory  on  Staten  Island." 

DoBBs'  Ferby  is  the  next  village  above  Hastings,  oh  the  east  side, 
named  after  an  old  Swedish  ferryman.  It  is  the  scene  of  a  romantic 
story,  long  ago  put  in  varse,  and  styled  the  "Legend  of  Dobbs'  Ferry, 
or  the  Marital  Fate  of  Hendrich  and  Katrina."  The  river  now  widens 
into  a  beautiful  bay,  known  as  the  Mediterranean  Sea  of  the  New  Neth- 
erlands, and  we  come  to  our  second  division. 

30 


TAPPAN   ZEE— EEPOSE. 

♦'Cool  shades  aucl  dews  are  round  iny  way, 
And  silence  of  tlie  early  day, 
'Mid  the  dark  rocks  tliat  watch  his  bed 
Glitters  the  mighty  Hudson  spread 
Unrippled,  s-avc  by  drops  that  fall 
From  shrubs  that  fringe  his  monntaiu  wall; 
Ajid  o'er  tlie  clear  still  water  swells 
The  music  of  the  Sabbath  bells. ' ' 

The  Palisades  now  lo.se  tlieir  wall-like  character,  and  break  awav  in 
little  headlands  to  the  north  and  northwest;  and  now,  as  we  pass  Piizi-.- 
MONT,  on  the  west  side,  we  leave  behind  us  the  New  Jersey  Avail,  which 
was  almost  enough  to  "keep  her  out  of  the  Union,"  and  are  entirely 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Emjjire  State — the  New  Jersey  line  is  only 
a  short  distance  below  Piermont.  The  iner  of  the  Erie  railroad,  which 
here  juts  into  the  river,  is  about  one  mile  in  length,  and  gives  the  name 
to  the  village.  The  boulevard  from  this  point  to  Rockland  Lake,  pass- 
ing through  Nyack,  will  soon  be  one  of  the  finest  drives  on  the  Hudson. 
About  two  miles  from  Piermont  is  the  old  village  of  Tappau,  where 
Andre  was  executed. 

Irvington  is  about  opposite  Piermont,  twenty-four  miles  from  New 
York.  The  river  is  here  about  three  miles  wide,  and  the  sloping  hills 
that  look  over  this  tranquil  bay  are  literally  covered  with  beautiful 
villas  and  cliarmiug  gi-ounds.  About  half  a  mile  above  the  depot,  and 
near  the  river  bank,  almost  hid  in  foliage,  is 

SuNNYSiDE,  the  great  classic  and  poetic  sj)ot  of  our  country — the 
home  of  Washington  Irving,  who  laid  the  corner-stone  of  American 
literature.  Fifty  years  ago  the  English  critic  sneeringly  asked,  "Who 
reads  an  American  book  ?"  Ii'ving  quietly  answered  the  question,  and 
carried  the  war  into  the  enemy's  country  by  writing  "Bracebridge 
Hall,"  "  Westminster  Abbey,"  and  "  Stratford-on-Avon;"  and  his  name 
is  cherished  to-day  in  England  almost  as  fondly  as  in  onr  owni  country. 
A  few  years  ago  it  was  our  good  fortune  to  pass  a  few  days  in  the  very 
centre  of  "Merrie  England,"  in  that  quiet  town  on  the  Avon,  and  we 
found  the  name  of  Irving  almost  as  reverently  regarded  as  that  of  the 

31 


immortal  Shakespeare.  The  sitting-room  in  the  "Red  Horse  Hotel," 
where  he  was  distuibed  in  his  midnight  reverie,  is  still  called  Irving's 
room,  and  the  walls  hung  with  portraits  taken  at  different  periods  of 
his  life.  Mine  host  said  that  visitors  from  everj  land  were  as  much  in- 
terested in  this  room  as  in  Shakespeare's  birthplace.  The  remark  may 
have  been  intensified  to  flatter  an  American  \dsitor,  but  there  are  few 
names  dearer  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  than  that  on  the  plain  headstone 
in  the  burial-yard  of  Sleepy  Hollow. 

In  Irvdng's  essay  of  "  Wollert's  Koost"  (the  old  name  of  Sunnyside) 
he  describes  his  home  veiy  aptly  as  "made  up  of  gable-endp,  and  full 
of  angles  and  corners  as  an  old  cocked  hat.  It  is  said,  in  fact,  to  have 
been  modelled  after  the  cocked  hat  of  Peter  the  Headstrong,  as  the 
Escurial  of  Spain  was  modelled  after  the  giidiron  of  the  blessed  St. 
Laurence."  The  late  Napt)leon  III.  w^as  at  one  time  a  visitor  at  Suniiy- 
side;  and  hero,  in  1842,  Daniel  Webster  paid  Ii'ving  a  visit,  with  ap- 
pointment and  credentials  as  Minister  to  Spain, 

Takrytow::  is  also  on  the  east  side,  about  three  miles  north  of  Ir- 
vington.  Its  name  was  derived  from  the  old  Dutch  word  Tarwe-town, 
or  wheat-town,  although  Knickerbocker's  natural  philosophy  imagined 
that  it  arose  from  the  iarrying  of  husband  at  the  villngc  tavern. 

On  the  old  post-road,  now  called  Broadway,  going  north  from  the 
village,  Major  Andre  was  captured,  and  a  monument  erected  on  the 
spot  by  the  people  of  Westchester  County,  October  7,  1853,  with  this 
inscription : — 

ON   THIS    SPOT, 
THE   23d   pay    of    SEPTl  MBFE,    1780,  THE   SPY, 

MAJOR  JOHN  ANDRE, 

Adjiitant-Genrralof  the  British  Army,  was  captured  by 

John  Paulding,  Daxtd  Williams,  akd  Isaac  Van  Wakt, 

all  natives  of  this  county. 

History  has  told  the  rest. 

It  is  said  that  the  tree  beneath  which  Andre  was  captured  was  struck 
by  lightning  in  July,  1801,  the  very  day  of  Arnold's  death  in  London. 

32 


niVING  INSTITUTE,    TARBTTOWN,    N.    T. 
Abmagnac  &  RowE,  Principals  and  Proprietors, 

In  a  pleasant  part  of  Tarrjtowu  is  located  the  Irving  Institute,  estab- 
lished in   1838.     It  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  depot,  and    commands 
charming  views  of  the    Hudson  aud  inland  scenery.      From  its  cupola 
we  see,  to  the  south,  tlie  Paulding  Manor  House,  the  villas  of  Bierstadt, 
the   Cunningham    Castle,    Nvack   opposite  the  wide  exj^anse  of  Tappan 
Zae,  aud  miles  in  every  direction  ;  and  every  view  has    j^oints  of  historic 
aud  poetic  interest   to  every  person  who  ha*^  either  a  taste  for  history, 
or  legends,    which  are  only  the  foliage  of  history.     It  is  appropriately 
styled  the  *•  Irving  Institute."'  looliinp:  down  from  its  ben iitiful eminence 
upon    the  valley  of  Sleepy  Hollow.     We  present  a  fine  cut  of  the  build- 
ing and    grounds.     It  is  designed  to  combine  the  attraction  and  safety 
of  a  home  with  thoroughness  of  discipline  and  intellectual  culture. 


Miaiixiractxirex's  of 


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r    - 

k'  !r?  ^^  J.!' 


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GasPixtures,FiiieClocks&-Bronses 

HIGHEST  PREMIUM  k  MEDAL  AWARDED  BY  AM.  INST,  EXHIBITION,  1874, 

Crystal,  Crllt,  JBroiize,  aiid  Il)©c©ratefll 


r/     Jtt^^    '-Sfi^S/lr 


^ 


n  Greatest  Variety,  at  LOW  PRICES.     Special  Designs, 

for  CHURCHES,   HALLS,   HOTELS, 

DWELLINGS,   Etc. 


Mo.  5S7  Broad"way^  Iffeuu"  Yo2*k. 


Tan-jtown  and  vicinity  -was  the  very  heart  of  the  debatable  gi-oimd  of 
the  Eevolution;  and  here,  according  to  Irving,  arose  the  two  gi-eat 
orders  of  border  chivahy — the  Skinners  and  the  Cow-Bovs.  The  for- 
mer fought,  or  rather  maranded,  under  the  American,  the  latter  under 
the  British  banner.  ' '  In  the  zeal  of  service  both  -were  apt  to  make 
blunders,  and  confounded  the  property  of  friend  and  foe.  Neither  of 
them,  in  the  heat  and  hurry  of  a  foray,  had  time  to  ascertain  the  i^oli- 
tics  of  a  horse  or  cow  which  they  were  didving  off  into  captivity,  nor 


ICHABOt)  CEANE  AND  KATRINA  VAN  TASSEL. 

when  they  wnmg  the  neck  of  a  rooster  did  they  trouble  their  heads 
whether  he  crowed  for  Congi-ess  or  King  George." 

This  was  indeed  an  eventful  neighborhood  to  the  faithful  historian, 
Diediich  Knickerbocker;  and  here  he  picked  up  many  of  those  legends 
which  were  given  by  him  to  the  world,  or  found  among  his  jDapers. 
One  of  these  was  the  legend  connected  with  the  old  Dutch  Church  of 
Sleepy  Hollow.  A  di'owsy,  dreamy  influence  seems  to  hang  over  the 
land,  and  to  pervade  the  veiy  atmosphere.     "Some  say  the  place  was 

33 


bewitched  by  a  high  German  doctor  during  the  early  days  of  the  settle- 
ment; others  that  an  old  Indian  chief,  the  wizard  of  his  tribe,  held 
his  pow-wows  there  before  Hendrich  Hudson's  discovery  of  the  river. 
The  dominant  spirit,  however,  that  haunts  this  enchanted  region,  is  the 
apparition  of  a  figure  on  horseback  without  a  head,  said  to  be  the  ghost 
of  a  Hessian  trooj)er,  and  was  known  at  all  the  country  firesides  as  the 
"headless  horseman"  of  Sleepy  Hollow.  Sunnyside,  you  remember, 
was  once  the  j)roperty  of  old  Baltus  Van  Tassel;  and  here  lived  the  fair 
Katrina,  beloved  by  all  the  youths,  but  more  especially  by  Ichabod 
Crane,  the  country  schoolmaster,  and  a  reckless  youth,  Mr.  Van  Brunt. 
A  faithful  view  of  the  unsuccessful  courtship  of  Ichabod  will  be  seen  in 
the  cut  here  given,  from  the  statuette  group  of  Ichabod  and  Katrina, 
by  Mr.  Rogers,  of  New  York,  whose  skill  we  again  refer  to  in  our  article 
on  *'  Rip  Van  Winkle  among  the  Catskills," 

The  Old  Dutch  Church,  and  the  burial  yard  where  Irving  is  buried,  is 
about  one  half  mile  north  from  Tarrytown.  A  plain  stone,  with  simple 
inscription,  "  Washington  Irving,  born  April  3d,  1783,  died  November 
28th,  1859, "  marks  the  resting-place  of  the  sweetest  writer  in  our  literature. 

Nyack  on  the  Hudson  is  a  pleasant  village  opposite  Tarrytown.  Tlie 
large  building  south  of  the  village  is  the  Rockland  Female  Seminary. 

Sing-Sing,  on  the  east  side,  is  six  miles  above  Tarrytown,  and  thirty- 
two  from  New  York.  Its  name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  the  Indian 
words  ossin,  a  stone,  and  ing^  a  place,  from  the  rocky  and  stony  charac- 
ter of  the  river  bank. 

The  State  Prison,  with  its  white  walls,  was  built  of  stone  quarried  on 
the  spot  by  a  band  d'-sin-ing  mortals  imported  from  Auburn,-  in  1829. 

Rockland  Lake  lies  opposite  Sing-Sing,  set  in  a  "  dimple  of  the 
hills,"  and  is  not  seen  from  the  river.  As  we  look  at  the  great  ice- 
houses to-day,  which,  like  uncouth  barns,  stand  here  and  there  along 
the  Hudson,  it  does  not  seem  possible  that  only  a  few  years  ago  ice  was 
decidedly  unpopular,  and  wheeled  about  New  York  in  a  hand-cart. 
Think  of  one  hand-cart  supplying  New  York  with  ice  !  It  was  consid- 
ered unhealthy,  and  called  forth  many  learned  discussions.  The  point 
that  seems  to  project  into  the  river  was  called  "  Verdietege"  Hook  be- 
ing considered  a  "  very  tedious  "  si)ot  by  the  old  Dutch  mariners. 

34 


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50 


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— ■ 

THE 

SARATOGA  GEYSER, 

or  SPOUTING  SPRING. 

The   Proprietors  of  the  Geyser  Spni 
Physicians,  Drujjgisls,  and  otliers  to  ti 
made  by  Prolessor  C.  F.  Chaudler,  Ph 
a  few  weeks  after  its  discover}-: 

g  would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of 

le  following  analysis  of  the  Geyser  Water, 

D.,  of  Columbia  College  School  of  Mines, 

Chloride  of  Sodium    

5G2.0S0  erains. 

Chloride  of  PotMssiiini 

24.G3-t       " 

Bromide  of  Sodium     .        

2  '^12       " 

Iodide  of  Sodium 

0.248       '• 

FUioride  of  Calcium    

trace 

Bie  irbouate  of*  Lithia              

7.004       " 

Bicarbonate^ of  Soda      

71.2:52       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia      

149  34:'.       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime 

170.:^92       " 

Bioar   onato  ol'  Stroutia      .        

*.        0.425       '• 

Bicarbonate  ot  B:irvta 

2.014       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron      

0.970       " 

Sulphate  of  Potnssa 

trace 

Phosphate  of  Soda 

trace 

Biborate  of  Soda 

trace 

Alumina 

trace 

Silica      .  .      .  .                 

0.G5       " 

Or^^anic  matter 

trace 

Total  solid  content'? 

991. 54G 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas  in  1  U.  S.  Gal. 
Deusitv 

4r.4.082 
1.011 

Temperature 

40    Fall. 

The  water  never  varies  in  flavor,  nor  are  its  properties  subjected  to  change  by 

seasons  of  the  year.     As  a  medicinal  a^'-ency,  its  etiects  are  marvelous.      Testi- 
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and  not  evil  all  the  days  of  its  life. — Brooklyn  Eagle. 


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The  Weekly  is  the  ablest  and  most  powerful  illustrated  period- 
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The  Bazar  is  edited  with  a  contribution  of  tact  and  talent  that 
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BAZAR,  ^"or  one  year,  $4.00  each,  postage  free.     The  three  for  one  year, 
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36      Franklin  Square,  IVew  York. 


Ckoton  Eivek  meets  the  Hudson  about  one  mile  above  Sing-Sing, 
and  it  is  a  singular  fact  that  the  pitcher  and  ice-cool&r  of  New  York,  or, 
in  other  words,  Croton  Dam  and  Kockland  Lake,  should  be  directly 
opposite.  About  thirty  years  ago,  the  Croton  first  made  its  appearance 
in  New  York,  brought  in  by  an  aqueduct  of  solid  masonry.  The  old 
Indian  name  of  the  Croton  was  Kitch-a-wonck.  The  Dam  is  an  inter- 
esting place  to  visit,  and  we  understand  that  city  milkmen,  when  jour- 
neying up  the  river,  never  pass  the  point  without  reverently  lifting 
their  hats.     We  would  modestly  suggest  a  yearly  picnic  to  this  dam, 


LAKE  MAHOPAC,   ONE   OP  THE   FOUNTAINS   OF  THE   CKOTON. 

where  these  modern  Hildebrauds  could  worship  their  '*  Undines,"  and 
compute  the  value  of  500,000,000  gallons  at  "  ten  cents  a  quart,  "—a  nice 
little  running  account,  large  enough  per  annum  to  build  the  State  caj)ital 
or  the  East  Eiver  bridge. 

Lake  Mahopac  is  one  of  the  finest  fountains  of  the  Croton,  and  the 
finest  lake  near  the  metropolis.  It  can  be  reached  very  easily  by  the 
Harlem  Eailroad  from  New  York.  The  old  Indian  name  was  Ma-cook- 
pake,  signifying  a  large  inland  lake.  The  same  derivation,  we  imagine, 
is  also  seen  in  Copake  Lake,  Columbia  County.     The  view  here  given 

39 


shows  the  island  where  the  last  meeting  of  the  southern  tribes  of  the 
Hudson  was  held.  The  lake  is  one  thousand  feet  above  tide-water — a 
magnificent  sheet  of  water,  with  emerald  islands;  and  it  is  pleasant  to 
know  that  the  bright  waters  of  Mahopac  and  the  clear  fountains  of 
Putnam  County  are  carried  to  New  York,  even  as  the  poetic  waters  of 
Loch  Katrine  supply  the  commercial  city  of  Glasgow.  Lake  Mahopac 
has  fine  hotels,  and  is  a  pleasant  place  of  summer  resort. 

Teller's  Point  was  called  by  the  Indians,  Senasqua;  and  tradition 
says  that  the  ancient  warriors  still  haunt  the  surrounding  glens  and 
woods,  and  the  sachems  of  Teller's  Point  are  household  words  in  the 
neighborhood.  It  is  also  said  that  there  was  once  a  great  Indian  battle 
here,  and  perhaps  the  ghosts  of  the  old  warriors  are  attracted  by  the 
Underbill  Grapery  and  the  10,000  gallons  of  wine  bottled  every  year. 

Haversteaw  Bay. — Passing  Teller's  Point  we  come  into  Haverstraw 
Bay.  This  expanse  of  water  was  called  by  the  Indians,  Kumachenack. 
The  village  is  on  the  west  side.  Three  miles  above  Haverstraw,  also  on 
the  west  side,  we  pass  Stony  Point,  where,  at  two  o'clock  one  morning, 
Wayne — ^better  known  as  "  Mad  Anthony  " — sent  the  brief  despatch  to 
Washington:  *'  Dear  General — The  American  flag  waves  here. "  Passing 
Verplank's  Point,  just  opposite  Stony  Point,  and  we  see 

Peekskill,  forty-three  miles  from  New  York,  on  the  east  bank, 
where  Nathan  Palmer,  the  spy,  was  hung;  and  another  brief  message 
sent  by  Putnam,  to  the  effect,  "Nathan  Palmer  was  taken  as  a  spy, 
tried  as  a  spy,  and  will  be  hanged  as  a  spy. — P.  S.  He  is  JiangecV  In 
1797  Peekskill  was  the  headquarters  of  old  Israel  Putnam.  This  was 
the  birthplace  of  Paulding,  one  of  Andre's  captors,  and  he  died  here  in 
1818.  There  is  a  monument  to  his  memory  about  two  miles  north  of 
the  village.  It  is  said  that  the  stream  and  town  took  their  names  from 
a  worthy  Dutch  skipper,  Jans  Peek,  who  imagined  he  bad  found  the 
head  waters  of  the  Hudson,  and  run  aground,  on  the  east  side,  in  the 
stream  which  now  bears  his  name.  It  was  called  by  the  Indians  the 
unpoetic  name  Sackboes.  Near  Peekskill  is  the  old  Van  Cortlandt 
house,  the  residence  of  Washington  for  a  short  time  during  the  Revo- 
lution. East  of  the  village  is  the  farm  and  summer  home  of  the  gTeat 
pulpit-orator  of  our  country — Henry  Ward  Beecher. 

40 


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Library, 
Dining 
and 

Chamber 
EUENITURE        E 
and 
BEDDING. 


Mirrors, 

Lambrequins, 

Curtains, 
Window  Shades, 
Cornices, 

Brackets, 
and 
Hall  Stands. 


RUSTIC  AND  COTTAGE  SUITS, 

Old  Point  Comfort  and  Puritan  E,ocking- Chairs, 

CAMP,  FOLDING  AND  STEAMER  CHAIRS, 

Pure  Hair  Mattresses  and  Spring  Beds, 


AT 


STT    Canal    Street,,    ]Sast    of    SroadT7?ray,, 
JLnd  1S9  F-alton  St.,  ITear  Cb."arcb., 

NEW  YORK 


THE  HIGHLANDS  — SUBLI]\nTY. 

"And  ever- wakeful  Echo  here  dotli  dwell, 
The  nymph  of  sportive  mockery,  that  still 
Hides  behind  every  rock,  in  every  dell. 
And  softly  glides  unseen  fi-om  hill  to  hill." 

Tumiug  Kidd's  Point,  or  Caldwell's  Landing,  almost  at  right  angles, 
the  steamer  enters  the  Highlands.  Near  the  Point  will  be  seen  some 
upiight  planks,  or  caissons,  near  the  water's  edge.  They  mark  the  spot 
where  Captain  Kidd's  ship  was  supposed  to  have  been  scuttled.  As  the 
famous  captain's  histoiy  seems  to  be  quite  intimately  associated  with 
the  Hudson,  we  will  give  in  brief 

The  Stoky  of  Captain  Kidd. — His  name  was  William,  and  lie  was 
born  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  centui-y;  and  it  is  thought, 
near  Greenock,  in  Scotland:  resided  at  one  time  in  New  York,  near 
the  corner  of  William  and  Cedar  Streets,  and  was  there  married.  In 
April,  1696,  Kidd  sailed  from  England  in  command  of  the  *' Adventure 
Galley,"  with  fall  armament  and  eighty  men.  He  captui'ed  a  French 
ship,  and,  on  arrival  at  New  York,  jmt  up  articles  for  volunteers: 
remained  in  New  York  three  or  four  months,  increasing  his  crew  to 
one  hundred  and  fifty-five  men,  and  sailed  thence  to  Mad  eras,  thence 
to  Bonavista  and  St.  Jago,  to  Madagascar,  then  to  Caiicut,  then  to 
Madagascar  again,  then  sailed  and  took  the  *'Quedah  Merchant." 
Kidd  kejDt  forty  shares  of  the  spoils,  and  divided  the  rest  with  his  crew. 
He  then  burned  the  ''Adventure  Galley,"  went  on  board  the  "Qnedah 
Merchant,"  and  sailed  for  the  West  Indies.  Here  he  left  the  "Mer- 
chant," with  part  of  the  crew,  under  one  Bolton,  as  commander.  Then 
manned  a  sloop,  and  taking  part  of  his  spoils,  went  to  Boston  via  Long 
Island  Sound,  and  is  said  to  have  set  goods  on  shore  at  different  places. 
In  the  mean  time,  in  August,  1698,  the  East  India  Company  informed 
the  Lords  Justices  that  Kidd  had  committed  several  acts  of  piracy,  par- 
ticularly in  seizing  a  IVIoor's  ship  called  the  "  Quedah  Merchant." 
When  Kidd  landed  at  Boston  he  was  therefore  ari'ested  by  the  Enrl  of 
Bellamont,  and  sent  to  England  for  trial,  1699,  where  he  was  found 
guilty  and  executed.   Now  it  is  supposed  that  the  crew  of  the  "  Qiiedah 

41 


Merchant,"  wliicli  Kidd  left  at  Hispaniola,  started  with  their  ship  for 
the  Hudson,  as  the  crew  was  mostly  gathered  from  the  Highlands  and 
above  It  is  said  that  they  passed  New  York  in  the  night,  and  started 
with  their  ship  for  the  manor  of  Livingston;  but  encountering  a  gale 
in  the  Highlands,  and  thinking  they  were  pursued,  run  her  near  the 
shore,  now  known  as  Kidd's  Point,  and  here  scuttled  her,  and  the  crew 
fled  to  the  woods  Avith  such  treasure  as  they  could  carry.  Whether  this 
circumstance  was  true  or  not,  it  was  at  least  a  current  story  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  an  enterprising  individual,  about  forty  years  ago, 
caused  an  old  cannon  to  be  discovered  in  the  river,  and  perpetrated  the 
first  "  Cardiff  Giant  Hoax. "  A  New  York  Stock  Company  was  organized 
to  prosecute  the  work.  It  was  said  that  the  ship  could  be  seen  in  clear 
days,  with  her  masts  still  standing,  many  fathoms  below  the  surface. 
One  thing  is  certain — the  Com23any  didn't  see  it  or  the  treasurer  either, 
in  whose  hands  were  deposited  about  $30,000. 

The  Dundeebekg  rises  directly  above  this  point — the  Olympus  of 
Dutch  Mythologj\  It  was  the  dread  of  the  early  navigators,  and  sailors 
had  to  drop  the  peaks  of  their  mainsails  in  salute  to  the  goblin  who 
inhabited  it,  and  presided  over  those  little  imps  in  sugar-loaf  hats  and 
short  doublets,  who  were  frequently  seen  tumbling  head  over  heels  in 
the  rack  and  mist.  No  wonder  that  the  old  burghers  of  New  York  never 
thought  of  making  their  week's  voyage  to  Albany  without  arranging 
their  wills;  and  it  created  as  much  commotion  in  New  Amsterdam  as  a 
Stanley  expedition  in  search  of  Livingstone.  Verdrietege  Hook,  the 
Dunderberg,  and  the  Overslaugh  were  names  of  terror  to  even  the 
bravest  skipper. 

Anthony's  Nose. — The  high  peak  on  the  east  bank,  just  above  the 
"Nameless  Highland,"  is  Anthony's  Nose,  which,  in  our  Guide-Book 
j)ublished  in  1869,  we  considered  the  prominent  feature  of  the  Hudson. 
It  is  about  1500  ieet  high,  and  has  two  or  three  christenings.  One  says 
it  was  named  after  St.  Anthony  the  Great — the  first  institutor  of  mo- 
nastic life,  born  A.D.  251,  at  Coma,  in  Heraclea,  a  town  in  Upper 
Egj'pt.  Irving's  humorous  account  is,  however,  quite  as  probable,  to 
wit:  that  it  was  derived  from  the  nose  of  Anthony  Van  Corlear,  the  il- 
lustrious trumpeter  of  Peter  Stuyvesant.     "Now  thus  it  happened  that 

42 


bright  and  early  in  the  morning  the  good  Anthony,  having  washed  his 
bui'ly  "vdsage,  vras  leaning  over  the  quarter-railing  of  the  galley,  contem- 
plating it  in  the  glassy  waves  below.  Just  at  this  moment  the  illustrious 
sun,  breaking  in  all  his  splendor  from  behind  a  high  blufif  of  the  High- 
lands, did  dart  one  of  his  most  potent  beams  full  upon  the  refulgent 
nose  of  the  sounder  of  brass,  the  reflection  of  which  shot  straightway 
down  hissing  hot  into  the  water,  and  killed  a  mighty  sturgeon  that  was 
sporting  beside  the  vessel.  "When  this  astonishing  miracle  was  made 
known  to  the  Governor,  and  he  tasted  of  the  unknown  fish,  he  marveled 
exceedingly;  and,  as  a  monument  thereof,  he  gave  the  name  of  An- 
thony's Nose  to  a  stout  promontory'  in  the  neighborhood,  and  it  has 
continued  to  be  called  Anthony's  Nose  ever  since."  This  mountain  was 
called  by  the  Indians  Kittatenny,  a  Delaware  term  signifying  "endless 
hills." 

Opposite  Anthony's  Nose  is  the  beautiful  island  of  lona;  and  we  ob- 
tain a  fine  view  of  old  Sugar-Loaf  to  the  north.  We  are  now  in  the 
midst  of  historic  country,  and  the  various  points  are  literally  crowded 
together:  Beverley  Dock,  Beverley  Ho'ise,  Fort  Putnam,  North  and 
South  Redoubt  Mountains,  Kosciusko's  Garden,  and  Fort  Constitution, 
Both  sides  of  the  river  are  full  of  interebt,  and  we  -u-ill  refer  to  each 
separately.  As  the  steamer  is  now  nearing  the  west  shore,  we  will  speak 
first  of 

West  Point. — The  large  building  on  the  rock  is  Cozzens'  Hotel,  and 
the  landing  near  is  known  as  Cozzens'  Dock.  Buttermilk  Falls,  a  little 
south  of  the  lauding,  was  known  among  the  Indians  as  the  Prince's 
Falls,  owned  by  a  prince  of  the  hill  country.  The  ri\'ulet  soutli  of  these 
falls  was  called  by  the  Indians  the  Ossinapink,  or  the  stream  from  the 
solid  rocks;  and  the  stream  below  Anthony's  Nose,  on  the  east  side,  the 
Brocken  Kill,  a  Dutch  word  from  water  broken  into  waterfalls.  The 
next  landing  is  about  one  mile  above  Cozzens',  and  is  the  proper  West 
Point  Landing. 

Washington  first  suggested  this  place  as  the  most  eligible  situation 
for  a  mihtary  academy.  It  went  into  023eration  about  1812,  and  the 
land  was  ceded  to  the  General  Government  of  the  United  States  in  the 
year  1826.     The  Academy  Buildings  and  Parade  Ground  are  on  a  fine 

43 


l^lateau  about  two  liundred  feet  above  the  river.  The  parade-ground 
seems  ahnost  as  level  as  a  floor;  and,  as  the  buildings  are  at  a  little  dis- 
tance from  the  river,  they  are  only  partially  seen.  The  first  building 
on  the  right  hand  to  one  ascending  from  the  landing  is  the  riding-school 
used  in  winter.  To  the  rear  of  this  the  public  stables,  accommodating 
one  hundred  and  fifty  horses.  Then,  as  you  ascend,  the  pathway  brings 
you  to  a  new  fireproof  building  for  offices,  a  beautiful  feature.  To  the 
right  hand  of  this  building  is  the  library,  with  a  dome.  The  next  build- 
ing is  the  chapel;  and  next  to  the  chapel  is  the  old  riding-hall,  now 
used  for  recitation-rooms,  gymnasiums,  gallery  of  paintings,  and  mu- 
seums. On  the  same  street  are  located  the  cadet  bai'racks;  and  to  the 
north,  the  officers'  quarters.  Prominent  in  this  vicinity  is  the  fine 
monument  to  General  Sedgwick.  Starting  again  at  the  old  riding-hall, 
and  going  south,  we  come  to  the  cadet  hall  and  the  cadet  hospital;  and 
still  further  south,  another  section  of  officers'  quarters.  Near  the  flag- 
staff will  be  found  a  fine  collection  of  old  cannon,  old  chains,  old  shell, 
and  the  famous '*  swamp  angel "  gun,  taken  from  the  rebels.  Fort 
Knox  was  just  above  the  landing.  Near  the  river  bank  can  also  be  seen 
Dade's  Monument,  Kosciusko's  Garden,  and  Kosciusko's  Monument. 
Old  Fort  Clinton  was  located  on  the  plain,  near  the  monument;  and 
far  above,  like  a  sentinel  left  at  his  post.  Fort  Putnam  looks  down  uj^on 
the  changes  of  a  hundred  years.  But  of  all  places  around  West  Point, 
Kosciusko's  Garden  seems  the  finest  and  most  suggestive,  connected  as 
it  is  with  a  hero  not  only  of  his  own  country,  but  a  man  ready  to  battle 
for  free  institutions,  taking  up  the  sublime  words  of  the  old  Roman 
orator,  "  Where  Liberty  is,  tliere  i^  my  country."  A  beautiful  spring  is 
near  the  Garden,  and  the  indenture  of  a  cannon-ball  is  still  pointed  out 
in  the  rocks,  which  must  have  disturbed  the  patriot's  meditations. 

West  Point  during  the  Eevolution  w^as  the  Gibraltar  of  the  Hudson; 
and  the  saddest  lesson  of  those  stern  old  days  is  connected  with  its 
history.  Benedict  Arnold  was  in  command  of  this  important  point,  and 
the  story  of  his  treachery  is  familiar  to  every  schoolboy.  It  will  be  re- 
membered that  Arnold  met  Andre  at  the  house  of  Joshua  Hett  Smith, 
at  a  place  now  known  as  Treason  Hill,  near  the  village  of  Haverstraw. 
Major  Andre  was  sent  as  the  representative  of  the  British  commander, 

44 


Sir  Henry  Clinton.  Andre,  with  the  papers  and  j^laus  of  Arnold  se- 
creted in  his  hoots,  passes  down  the  Tarrjtown  road,  and  was  arrested, 
as  we  said  in  our  article  on  Tarrytown,  and  the  paj^ers  discovered.  With 
this  preface,  our  history  will  carry  us  across  the  river  to 

Gabrison,  on  the  east  side.  Arnold  returned  from  Haverstraw  t  j 
the  Beverley  House,  where  he  was  then  Hving.  This  house  is  situated 
about  one  mile  south  of  the  Garrison  Depot,  near  the  magnificent 
grounds  and  residence  of  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish.  Colonel  Jamieson 
sent  a  letter  to  Arnold  informing  him  of  the  facts,  and  this  letter  Arnold 
received  on  the  morning  of  the  24:th  of  September.  Alexander  Hamilton 
and  General  Lafayette  were  at  breakfast  with  him.  He  read  its  contents 
and  excused  himself  from  the  table,  kissed  his  wife  good-bye,  told  her 
he  was  a  ruined  man  and  a  traitor,  kissed  his  little  boy  in  the  cradle, 
fled  to  Beverley  Dock,  and  ordered  his  men  to  pull  off  and  go  down  tlie 
river.  The  "Vulture,"  English  man-of-war,  was  near  Teller's  Point, 
and  received  a  traitor,  whose  liWug  treason  had  to  be  atoned  by  the 
blood  of  Andre,  the  noble  and  pure-hearted  officer.  It  is  said  that 
Arnold  lived  long  enough  to  be  hissed  in  the  House  of  Commonr>,  as  he 
once  took  his  seat  in  the  gallery,  and  he  died  friendless,  and,  in  fact, 
despised.  It  is  also  said  that  one  day  when  Talleyrand  arrived  in  Havre 
on  foot  from  Paris,  in  the  darkest  hour  of  the  French  Bevolution,  pur- 
sued by  the  bloodhounds  of  the  reign  of  terror,  he  was  about  to  secure 
a  passage  to  the  United  States,  and  asked  the  landlord  of  the  hotel,  "  So 
there  are  Americans  staying  at  your  house  ?  I  am  going  across  the 
water,  and  would  like  a  letter  to  a  person  of  influence  in  the  Ncav 
"World."  "There  is  a' gentleman  ui^-stairs  from  Britain  or  America," 
was  the  response.  He  pointed  the  way,  and  Talleyrand  ascended  the 
stairs.  In  a  dimly  lighted  room  sat  the  man  of  whom  the  great  minister 
of  France  was  to  ask  a  favor.  He  advanced,  and  j^oured  forth  in  elegant 
French  and  broken  English,  "lam  a  wanderer,  and  an  exile.  lam 
forced  to  fly  to  the  New  World  without  a  friend  or  home.  You  are  an 
American.  Give  me,  then,  I  beseech  you,  a  letter  of  yoiu's,  so  that  I 
may  be  able  to  earn  my  bread."  The  strange  gentleman  rose.  With  a 
look  that  Talleyrand  never  forgot,  he  retreated  toward  the  door  of  the 
next  chamber.     He  sj^oke  as  he  retreated,  and  his  voice  was  full  of 

45 


suffexing:  *'  I  am  the  only  man  of  tlie  New  "World  who  can  raise  his  hand 
to  God  and  say,  *!  have  not  a  friend,  not  one,  in  America! '  "  "Who 
are  you?  "  he  cried.  "Your  name?  "  "'  My  name  is  Benedict  Arnold. " 
"Would  that  oiu'  modem  traitors  had  the  some  %"altui'e  at  their  vitals  as 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Eepublic,  vv'hen  treason  was  made  odious  with- 
out the  3 id  of  jDohticians. 

If  West  Point  and  its  fortifications  had  jDassed  at  that  time  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  it  would  be  difficult  to  say  what  disaster  might 
have  befallen  our  arms;  but,  thi-oagh  all  those  dark  days,  when  the 


THE   HIGELA>-D   HOUSE,  GABEISON,  N.  T. 

G.  F.  &:  W.  D.  Gaeeisok,  Proprietors  and  owners.     Also  Managers  of  the  Grand  Union, 
near  Grand  Central  DeiDOt,  New  York. 

American  army  literally  tracked  their  way  with  blood  through  the  snows 
of  seven  winters,  it  seemed  as  if  the  matter  was  entirely  in  the  hands  of 
Divine  Providence;  and  that  the  words  of  Patrick  Henry  were  every 
day  verified:  "There  is  a  just  God,  who  jDresides  over  nations." 

As  we  have  before  stated,  the  station  Garrison,  on  the  Hudson  Eiver 
Kaihoad,  is  directly  opj)osite  West  Point,  and  about  half  a  ruile  from 
the  depot  is  the  Highland  House,  standing  on  a  magnificent   plateau. 

46 


TTe  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  this  is  not  the  Highland  House  near 
Cozzen's,  neither  is  it  the  little  house  at  the  ferry  crossing,  as  unplea- 
sant mistakes  have  sometimes  been  made,  but  ''  The  Highland  House," 
about  four  hundred  feet  above  the  river,  appropriately  named,  lying  in 
the  very  centre  of  the  Highlands.  Its  proprietors  are  descendants  of 
the  family  who  lived  here  in  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  from  whom 
the  ferry  and  landing  took  their  name.  The  house  has  been  recently 
enlarged  to  almost  double  its  former  capacity.     Its  location  is  certainly 


INDIAN   FAUiS,  JTEIAE    HIGHIi.OfD    HOUSE,  GABEISOX,   X.   Y. 

one  of  the  finest  along  the  river.  The  i^lateau  is  inclosed  by  the  Xortli 
Eedoubt  and  South  Redoubt  Mountains,  reaching  from  Sugar-Loaf  and 
Anthony's  Nose  on  the  south,  to  Breakneck  on  the  north. 

"Wander  where  you  will,  the  surrounding  mountains  abound  with 
wild  and  picturesque  glens.  Poet,  artist,  novelist,  and  historian.  aU 
who  find  books  in  running  brooks,  continually  add  their  testimony  to 
the  accumulating  evidence.     In  brief,  all  who  wish  to  spend  a  summer 

47 


pleasantly  and  profitably  will  find  the  "Highland  House" — a  cut  of 
which  is  here  given — one  of  the  fijiest  family  hotels  on  the  Hudson 
River.  Its  location  is  picturesque  and  healthy,  on  higher  ground  than 
"West  Point,  and  commanding  a  full  view.  The  scenery  and  drives  of 
the  Highlands  are  very  fine. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  north,  in  a  picturesque  glen,  are  In- 
dian Falls,  well  known  to  artists,  and  by  them  made  familiar  to  those 
who  never  had  the  opportunity  of  visiting  one  of  the  prettiest  little 
points  of  scenery  on  the  Hudson.  It  is  impossible  to  condense  their 
beauty  into  a  single  sketch,  but  we  pr3senL  the  above  cut  as  an  index- 
hand  pointing  the  tourist  to  the  real  beauty  of  which  any  representation 
would  be  only  a  shadow.  "With  a  book  of  poems  in  hand,  or  a  walking 
romance  on  one's  arm,  we  imagine  a  summer's  day  woulei  glide  by,  *'as 
golden  hours  on  angel  wings.'' 

The  Glen  Falls  are  only  half  a  mile  distant;  and,  added  to  this 
blended  history  and  beauty,  all  over  this  eastern  bank  there  are  local 
legends — unclaimed  children  of  history — waiting  for  their  relationship 
to  be  acknowledged.  Surely  there  is  no  place  where  the  history  of  our 
coimtry  can  be  studied  with  greater  interest  than  among  these  wild 
fastnesses,  where  Freedom  found  protection. 

Constitution  Point. — A  short  distance  above  West  Point  Landing 
the  steamer  turns  a  right  angle.  On  the  east  bank,  almost  oj^posite, 
known  as  Constitution  Island,  Hves  Miss  Susan  "Warner,  author  of 
*'Qaeechy"  and  "The  Wide,  Wide  World,"  of  which  latter  work 
40,000  copies  were  sold  in  the  United  States.  On  this  point,  or  island, 
ruins  of  the  old  fort  are  still  seen.  It  was  once  called  Martalaer's 
Rock  Island. 

Cold  Speing. — A  little  to  the  north,  also  on  east  bank,  is  the  village 
of  Cold  Spring,  which  received  its  name  very  naturally  from  the  fact 
that  there  was  a  cold  spring  in  the  vicinity.  A  short  distance  north  of 
the  village  we  see 

"Dndebclitf,  the  home  of  the  poet  Morris,  now  owned  by  his  son. 
It  lies,  in  fact,  under  the  cliff  and  shadow  of  Motmt  Taums,  and  has  a 

43 


t; 

■r. 

<■"-, 

r--> 

*^~~ 

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„_ 

Oil 

o 

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u 

o 

o 

PI— 

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r^ 

o 

O 

u 

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> 

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.  T       '' 

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f~i 

k 


p     o 


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--r  j::    -^ 


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brj  >      o 


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l-H 

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fine  outlook  upon  the  river  and  surrounding  mountains.     Standing  on 

the  piazza,  we  see  directly  in  front  of  us  Old  Cro'  Nest;  and  it  was  on 

this  piazza  that  the  poet  wrote 

"  Where  Hudson's  wave  o'er  silvery  sands 
Winds  through  the  hills  afar, 
Old  Cro'  JS'est  like  a  vioaarch  stands, 
Crowned  with  a  single  star."' 


OLD    CRO     NFST, 
(From  Lossing's  "Hudson,  from  the  Wilderness  to  the  Sea.'') 

It  is  said  that  Mrs.  Morris  was  the  original  of  that  beautiful  character 
painted  by  Washington  Irving,  in  his  charming  essay,  "The  "Wife." 

Old  Ceo'  Nest  is  the  first  mountain  above  West  Point,  and  1418  feet 
high.  Its  name  was  given  from  a  circular  hike  on  the  summit,  suggest- 
ing by  its  form  and  solitary  location  a  nest  among  the  mountains,  and 

40 


this  fancy  soon  gave  a  name  to  the  entire  mountain.  This  mountain  is 
also  intimately  associated  with  poetry,  as  the  scene  of  Bodman  Drake's 
' 'Culprit  Fay":— 

"  'Tis  the  middle  wtitcli  of  a  summer  night, 
The  earth  is  dark,  but  the  heavens  are  bright, 
The  moon  looks  down  on  Old  Cro'  Nest — 
She  melloAA's  the  sliade  on  his  shaggy  breast, 
And  seems  his  huge  grey  form  to  throw 
In  a  silver  cone  on  the  wave  below." 

Stoem  King,  to  the  north  of  Cro'  Nest,  is  the  highest  peak  of  the 
Highlands,  being  1800  feet  above  tide  water.  Its  first  name  was 
Klinkersberg,  afterward  called  Butter  Hill,  and  christened  by  WiUis 
Storm  King.  This  mountain  forms  the  northern  portal  of  the  High- 
lands, on  the  west  side.  Breakneck  is  opposite,  on  the  east  side,  where 
St.  Anthony's  Eace  was  blasted  away.  In  this  mountain  solitude  there 
was  a  shade  of  reason  in  giving  that  solemn  countenance  of  stone  the 
name  of  St.  Anthony,  as  a  good  representation  of  monastic  life;  and, 
by  a  quiet  sarcasm,  the  full-length  nose  below  was  probably  thus  sug- 
gested. 

The  Highlands  now  trend  off  to  the  northeast,  and  we  see  the  New 
Beacon,  or  Grand  Sachem  Mountain,  1685  feet  high,  and  about  half  a 
mile  to  the  north,  the  Old  Beacon,  1471  feet  in  height.  These  moun- 
tains were,  used  for  signal  stations  during  the  Ke volution.  They 
were  called  by  the  Indians  the  Matteawan,  and  the  whole  range  of 
Highlands  were  sometimes  referred  to  as  the  Wequehachke,  or  the  Hill 
Country.  It  was  also  believed  by  the  Indians  that,  in  ancient  days, 
"before  the  Hudson  poured  its  waters  from  the  lakes,  the  Highlands 
formed  one  vast  prison,  within  whose  rocky  bosom  the  omnipotent 
Manito  confined  the  rebellious  spirits  who  repined  at  his  control. 
Here,  bound  in  adamantine  chains,  or  jammed  in  rifted  pines,  or 
crushed  by  ponderous  rocks,  they  groaned  for  many  an  age.  At  length 
the  conquering  Hudson,  in  its  career  toward  the  ocean,  burst  open  their 
prison-house,  rolling  its  tide  triumphantly  through  the  stupendous 
ruins."    An  idea  quite  in  accordance  with  modern  science. 

50 


There  is  no  better  place  along  our  river  to  muse  over  its  early  his- 
tory than  at  the  base  of  "  Storm  King,"  in  the  beautiful  bay  of  New- 
burgh.  Last  summer  a  friend  who  has  true  devotion  for  the  Hudson, 
penned  for  us  the  following  lines,  full  of  real  beauty  and  poetry. 

A  SOLILOQUY  ON  THE  HUDSON. 
Br  I.  L.   w. 

Wrltte)ifor  "  The  Hudson  River  hy  DaylighC 

Ijike  one  who  near  eome  ancient  ruin  stands 

And  peoples  it  with  forms  that  long  ago 

Wrote  on  the  page  of  History  their  mark, 

Bv  daring  deed  or  some  outrageous  act, 

So  I,  in  silent  thought,  have  traced  the  pnst, 

Whiltj  idhng  in  some  nook  in  Newburgh's  Kay. — 

And,  as  they  dreamed  their  dreams,  I,  too,  dreamed  mine 

Of  thee,  ray  lovely,  geutle,  rippling  stream. 

Now  stay  thy  passage  in  the  widening  bay. 
And  rest  awhile,  as  common  mortals  do, 
To  think  <>"er  all  the  weary  way  thoust  come — 
From  wilderness  so  wild,  and  Northern  woods, 
Or  Adirondack's  rocky,  towering  hills. 

Pray  tell  me,  silvery  wave,  in  murmur  low, 
How  long  ai^o  the  light  first  saw  thy  face  ] 
Wiio  lived  among  those  tall  and  verdant  trees 
That  shaded  thy  first  efforts  to  the  sea  ? 
What  race  of  men,  with  form  erect — divine — 
First  looked  upon  thy  infant  frolics,  free, 
And  welconied  thee  among  them  ?    Or  if 
Thy  waters,  tripping  o'er  its  bed  of  sands, 
Awoke  responsive  melody,  from  those 
Whose  little  throats,  in  love  for  thee,  poured  forth 
Their  sprightly  carols  in  these  groves  unknown — 
Say,  tell  me,  whose  the  face  thy  mirror  first 
Reflected  ?    The  swift  deer,  the  heavy  moose. 
The  sluggish  bear,  as  well  the  cunning  fox — 
All  these,  I  kno\v,  thy  banks  would  frequent  seek — 
But  who  of  those  whom  God  has  stamped,  erect, 
Witli  nobler  souls,  minds  intellectual. 
First  looked  upon  thy  gentle  loveliness? — 
Who  saw  thee  when,  in  all  thy  rusliing  might 
And  strengtii,  thou  burst  the  highland  chain  and  forced 

51 


Thy  rugged  way  on  to  tlie  sea  1    Or  wlio, 

With  joy  from  "  Storm  King's  "  haughty  brow,  looked  down 

Upon  ihy  winding,  libbon  turns,  well  pleased 

At  the  discovery  ?    Was  it  "  Poor  Lo  ?  " 

Perchance  when  He,  the  Master — Saviour — came 
From  heaven's  courts,  and  in  the  manger-lted 
Was  cradled  there,  thy  shoi-es  were  then  defined  ; 
And  daughters  of  the  mighty  chiefs,  whose  homes 
Along  thy  shaded  borders,  grouped  in  camps. 
At  some  eweet  twilight  hour,  sported  and  laved 
Among  thy  cooling  waves.     Or,  long  before, 
AVhen  Moses,  by  his  God  empowered,  led  forth, 
From  Egypt's  bond»,  that  Israel  host,  in  faith, 
To  seek  the  land  of  promised  rest — perhaps 
Along  thy  shores,  in -basket  nests,  and  hid 
Beneath  the  reeds,  some  white-winged  motlier 
lieared  her  youug. 

Again;  who  named  tliee  "  Shate  muck  ?  "'  'Tis  a  v.cr.i 
So  recent  in  its  birth — it  taUes  thee  back 
To  but  few  years  ago  !  and  marks  thy  age 
Fiom  the  Mohegan's  time  ! 

WJio  knov7S  but,  in  the  lap  of  Ohlen  Time, 
Thy  course  was  traced  with  Jordan's  sacred  stream 
Or  Eden's  lovely  river  ? 

In  sweet  Luzerne 
Where  thou  hast  played  for  ages  past,  I  iind 
From  out  the  solid  rock,  wliere  thy  limpid  waves 
With  pebbles,  round  and  round,  have  worn,  in  time. 
Caverns  as  deep,  as  wonderful ;    and  like 
Tlie  seeker  after  fame,  hast  left  thy  mark ; 
But,  oh !  how  many  ages  past — have  tied — 
Since  these  began  ! 

Cast  otFfrom  thee  the  name  the  Indian  gave  ; 
The  Dutchman's  too  ;   for  why,  forsooth,  should  he 
Whose  bark,  by  chance  and  accidental  winds 
Borne  on  between  thy  shores,  without  design, 
Be  known  forever,  from  thy  lovely  self  ^ 

Here  on  this  calm,  enchanting  bay  I  see 
The  "  Storm  King  "  rising  to  the  clouds  above  ; 
Old  "  Cro'  Nest,"  too,  Avith  rocks  on  rocks,  piled  high. 
Is  lifted  up,  still  up,  in  towering  mass. 
Tlieir  sluidows  on  tliy  sparkling  bi-east  I  see, 
And  in  tlie  lines  they  draw  thy  name  is  writ — 
The  motto  of  our  State—"  Excelsior." 

52 


The  steamer  is  now  passing  close  to  the  base  of  old  Storm  King, 
and  we  get  a  fine  view  oi  this  mountain  rock,  with  sides  all  scarred 
and  torn  by  storms  and  lightning.  Almost  before  us,  to  the  right, 
we  see 

PoLijPEii's  IsLA^fD,  supposed  by  the  Indians  to  be  a  suiDernatnral 


UPPER   ENTRANCE  TO   THE   HIGHIiANDS,  FROM   CORKWAIili   LANDING. 

(From  LoBsing's  "Hudsou,  from  the  Wilderness  to  the  Sea.") 

spot.  The  island,  however,  has  a  little  romance  connected  with  it, 
which  is  decidedly  supern(dural.  Some  fair  Katrina  of  the  neighbor- 
hood, a  great  many  years  ago,  was  beJoved  by  a  farmer's  lad.  She  re- 
ciprocates, but,  by  coquettish  art,  was  playing  the (sad  havoc)  with 

a  young  minister's  affections.     One  winter  evening,  minister  and  Ka- 

53 


trina  were  driving  on  tlie  ice,  near  this  island.  The  farmer's  son  very 
naturally  was  also  driving  in  the  same  vicinity.  The  ice  broke,  and 
minister  and  young  lady  were  rescued  by  the  bold  youth.  The  minister 
discovers  that  Katrina  and  young  Hendrich  both  love  each  other;  and 
there,  under  the  moonlight,  on  that  supernatuial  island,  with  solemn 
ceremony,  unite*  them  in  bonds  of  holy  matrimony.  It  ought  hence- 
forth and  forever  to  be  called  the  ''Lovers' Island."  This  pleasing 
story  presents  a  strong  contrast  to  the  sad  fate  of  a  wedding-party  at 
the  Danskammer  Rock,  to  which  we  shortly  refer.  We  are  now  nearing 
the  pleasant  village  of 

CoBNWAiiL,  where  the  hillsides  are  crowned  with  villas  and  summer 
homes.  This  is  one  of  the  pleasantest  and  healthiest  jDlaces  on  the 
Hudson.  A  short  distance  from  the  village,  on  the  old  road  leading 
from  Cornwall  to  Newburgh,  is  situated  Idlewdld,  where  "Willis  passed 
the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life;  and  now,  as  the  steamer  leaves  Corn- 
wall Landing,  we  are  in  the  beautiful  hay  of  Neichurgh,  pronounced  by 
many  the  finest  point  on  the  Hudson. 

Newbtjbgh — settled  by  the  Palatines,  1708.  As  we  api3roach  !N■e^^  - 
burgh,  on  the  west  bank,  we  see  the  old  house  known  as  Washington's 
Headquarters,  already  noticed  in  our  analysis  of  the  river.  Here  arc 
gathered,  as  we  stated  in  our  Guide  for  1869,  many  relics  of  the  Revo- 
lution: old  Hessian  boots  that  were  never  intended  for  flight,  making 
either  victory  or  capture  inevitable;  old  swords  that  have  a  history 
written  in  blood;  trappings  of  soldiers,  that  have  lost  the  glitter  and 
the  tinsel;  and  a  piano  of  most  harmonious  discord. 

At  the  time  of  disbanding  the  army  Congress  was  negligent  in  fur- 
nishing supplies  or  payment;  the  soldiers  wished  to  make  Washington 
the  head  of  a  monarchical  government;  he  declined;  then  an  appeal 
was  secretly  disseminated  to  officers  to  form  a  military  despotism. 
Washington  was  informed  of  it.  He  called  a  meeting  of  the  soldiers, 
on  the  grounds  near  the  old  building,  and  his  first  words,  before  un- 
folding the  paper,  touched  every  heart.  "You  see,  gentlemen,"  said 
he,  as  he  placed  his  spectacles  before  his  eyes,  "that  I  have  not  only 
grown  gray  but  blind  in  your  service."     It  is  needless  to  say  that  the 

'54 


mutiny  -was  quelled.  K  the  logic  of  war  lias  not  been  sufficient  to 
answer  the  old  argument  of  State  Eights,  it  would  be  well  to  re-read 
the  history  of  those  disjointed  days,  and  see  if  there  were  not  j^revious 
to  our  Constitution  sufficient  need  to  "form  a  more  perfect  union." 

The  city  rises  in  natural  terraces,  and  presents  a  fine  river  front.  It 
is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Xeii:hurgh  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railway. 

FisheilIj  Landing. — Opj^osite  Xewburgh  are  the  villages  of  Matte- 
awan  and  FishkiU;  and  about  one  mile  to  the  south,  the  dejjot  and 
ferry  of  the  Duchess  and  Columhia  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the 
Connecticut  Vrestern,  and  makes  a  direct  eastern  route  to  Hartford  and 
Boston.  These  thriving  towns  guard  the  northern  j)ortal  of  the  High- 
lands, sixty  miles  from  New  York. 


We  will  close  our  third  division  of  the  Hiidson  with  a  few  verses 
from  a  little  poem  w^hich  revives  in  hajDpy  music  the  ringing  of  the 
Hudson  sleigh-bells,  as  they  once  rang  out  their  music  under  these 
grand  old  mountains.  Our  moonlight  pictm-e  will  at  once  call  u^  to 
every  one  some  little  experience  of  their  far-off  days. 

HUDSON   SLEIGH-BELLS. 


With  sweetheart  nestled  close  by  our  side. 
We  were  started  off  for  a  jolly  ride — 

With  a  sleighing  party. 

When  we  were  young,  with  nothiug  to  do 
But  busy  ourselves  at  tryiug  to  woo 
The  girl  who  had  stolen  our  boyish  heart; 
The  little  coquette!  how  she  played  her  part 
At  that  sleighing  party. 

55 


Away  "we  glide,  witli  mirth  and  glee, 
Joyous  aud  happy  as  youth  can  be, — 
"While  the  sweet  aud  merry  music  swells 
From  happy  hearts  and  tuneful  bells 

Of  the  sleighing  party. 

The  snow  falls  faster  ! — so  she  said, 
Tossing  her  curls  aud  droppiiig  her  head 
Till  the  tinted  cheeks  were  totally  hid. 
I  couldn't  resist — she  didn't  forbid — 

'Twas  a  sleighing  party. 


Protect  her !     Of  course  ! 
The  snow  was  blinding,  the  air  was  keen ; 
As  I  drew  her  closer  it  could  not  have  been 
That  the  red-ripe  lips,  so  tempting  to  kiss, 
And  those  tell-tale  eyes  meant  other  than  Yes ! 

At  a  sleighing  party. 

Didn't  I  kiss  her  ? 
But  why  you  should  laugh  I  never  could  tell, 
For  I  know  you  boys  would  have  liked  it  well; 
And  as  to  the  girls,  they  all  well  knew 
That  the  unkissed  ones  were  very  few 

At  that  sleighing  party. 

We  trust  that  "we  will  jfind  sympathy  among  our  readers  for  this  sug- 
gestion of  star-lit  eyes;  and,  in  the  summer  season,  we  consider  these 
snow-scenes  as  a  species  of  ice-cream  dessert. 

56 


HILLSIDES  FOE  TWENTY  MILES— THE  PICTURESQUE. 

"By  woody  .bluff  we  steal,  by  leaning  lawu. 
By  palace,  village,  cot, — a  sweet  surprise 
At  every  turn  the  vision  breaks  upon." 

Low  Point,  or  Carthage,  is  a  small  village  on  the  east  bank,  about 
four  miles  north  of  Eishkill.  It  was  called  by  the  early  inhabitants 
Low  Point,  as  New  Hamburgh,  two  miles  to  the  north,  was  called  High 
Point.  Almost  opjito.site  Low  Point,  on  the  west  bank,  is  a  large  flat 
rock,  covered  with  cedars,  known  as  the 

DuYVEii's  Dans  Kammee. — Here  Hendrich  Hudson,  in  his  voyage  up 
the  river,  m  itnessed  an  Indian  pow-wow — the  first  recorded  fireworks 
in  a  country  which  has  since  delighted  in  rockets  and  pyrotechnic  dis- 
j^lays.  Here,  too,  in  later  years,  tradition  relates  the  sad  fate  of  a 
AA  edding-party .  It  seems  that  a  Mr.  Hans  Hansen  and  a  Miss  Katrina 
Van  Voorman,  %\itli  a  few  friends,  were  returning  from  xllbany,  and 
disregarding  the  old  Indian  prophecy,  were  all  slain : — 

''For  none  th;it  vi.sit  the  Intlian's  den, 
Return  again  to  the  haunts  of  men  , 
The  knife  is  tlieir  doom!  O  sad  is  their  lot! 
Beware,  beware  of  the  blood-stained  spot!  " 

Some  years  ago  this  spot  was  also  searched  for  the  buried  treasures 
of  Cajitain  Kidd,  and  we  know^  of  o?ie  river  pilot  who  still  dreams  semi- 
yearly  of  there  finding  countless  chests  of  gold. 

Two  miles  above,  on  the  east  side,  we  pass  New  Hamburgh,  at  the 
mouth  of  Wappinger's  Creek.  The  name  "Wajipinger  had  its  origin 
fromWabun,  east,  and  Acki,  land.  This  tribe  held  the  east  bank  of 
the  river,  from  Manhattan  to  Eoelifife  Jansen's  Creek,  which  empties 
into  the  Hudson  near  Livingston,  a  few  miles  south  of  Catskill  Station 
on  the  Hudson  Eiver  Railroad.  Passing  the  little  villages  of  Hampton, 
Marlborough,  and  Milton,  on  the  west  bank,  and  we  see  on  the  east 
bank, 

57 


Locust  Geove,  residence  of  the  late  Prof.  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  inventor  of 
the  electric  telegraph,  who  for  all  time  will  receive  the  congratulations 
of  every  civilized  nation,  and  the  whole  globe  is  destined  one  day  to 
speak  his  langTiage.  Yes,  the  islands  of  the  sea,  and  the  people  that 
sit  afar  oflf  in  darkness,  are  beginning  to  feel  the  pulses  of  the  world 
through  the  "still  small  voice"  whispering  beneath  ocean  and  river, 
and  across  mighty  continents,  "putting  a  girdle  round  the  earth  in 
forty  minutes,"  like  the  fairy  of  Midsinnmer-N ighf s  Dream. 

We  now  see  Blue  Point,  on  the  west  bank;  and,  in  every  direction, 
we  have  the  finest  views.  The  scenery  seems  to  stand,  in  character, 
between  the  sublimity  of  the  Highlands  and  the  tranquil  dreamy 
repose  of  the  Tappan  Zee.  It  is  said  that  under  the  shadow  of  these 
hiUs  was  the  favorite  anchorage  of 

The  Stokm  Ship,  one  of  our  oldest  and  therefore  most  reliable 
legends.  The  story  nins  somewhat  as  follows .  Years  ago,  when  New 
York  was  a  village — a  mere  cluster  of  houses  on  the  point  now  knowTi 
as  the  Battery — when  the  Bowery  was  the  farm  of  Peter  Stuyvesant, 
and  the  Old  Dutch  Church  on  Nassau  Street  (now  used  as  the  j^ost-office) 
was  considered  the  country — when  communication  with  the  old  world 
was  semi-yearly  instead  of  semi-weekly  cr  daily — say  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years  ago — the  whole  town  one  evening  was  put  into  gTeat  com- 
motion by  the  fact  that  a  ship  was  coming  up  the  bay.  She  ax^proached 
the  Battery  within  hailing  distance,  and  then,  sailing  against  both  wind 
and  tide,  turned  aside  and  passed  up  the  Hudson.  Week  after  week 
and  month  after  month  elapsed,  bift  she  never  returned;  and  whenever 
a  storm  came  down  on  Haverstraw  Bay  or  Tappan  Zee,  it  is  said  that 
she  could  be  seen  careening  over  the  waste;  and,  in  the  midst  of  the 
turmoil,  you  could  hear  the  captain  giving  orders,  in  good  Lore  Dutch; 
but  when  the  weather  was  pleasant,  her  favorite  anchorage  was  among 
the  shadgws  of  the  picturesque  hills,  on  the  eastern  bank,  a  few  miles 
above  the  Highlands.  It  was  thought  by  some  to  be  Hendrich  Hudson 
and  his  crew  of  the  "Half  Moon,"  who,  it  was  well  known,  had  once 
run  aground  in  *the  upper  part  of  the  river,  seeking  a  northwest  passage 
to  China;  and  j)eople  who  live  in  this  ^dcinity  still  insist  that  under  the 

53 


calm  harvest  moon  and  the  pleasant  nights  of  September,  they  see  her 
under  the  bluff  of  Blue  Point,  all  in  deep  shadow,  save  her  topsails 
glittering  in  the  moonhght.  Perhaps  it  was  this  quiet  anchorage  that 
gave  the  name  to 

PouGHKEEPsiE,  Qucen  City  of  the  Hudson, — derived  from  the  Indian 
word  Apokeepsing,  signifying  safe  harbor.  Near  the  landing  is  a  bold 
rock  jutting  into  the  river,  known  as  Kaal  Rock,  sig-nifying  barren 
rock;  and  perhaps  this  also  furnished  a  safe  harbor  or  landing-place  for 
those  days  of  birch  canoes.  It  is  said  there  are  over  forty  different 
ways  of  spelling  Poughkeepsie,  and  every  year  the  Post-Office  Record 
gives  a  new  one.  The  first  house  was  built  in  1702  by  a  Mr.  Van  Kleek; 
and  we  believe  the  State  Legislature  held  a  session  here  in  1777  or  1778, 
when  New  York  was  held  by  the  British,  and  Kingston  had  been  burned 
by  Vaughn.  Ten  years  later,  the  State  Convention  also  met  here  for 
ratification  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  (For  further  historical  par- 
ticulars see  Barber's  Historical  Collection  of  New  York,  or  the  State 
Records. )  The  city  has  a  beautiful  location,  and  is  justly  regarded  the 
finest  residence  city  on  the  river;  and  it  is  not  only  midway  between 
New  York  and  Albany,  but  it  is  also  bounded  by  a  historic  and  poetic 
horizon  midway  between  the  Highlands  and  the  Catskills,  commanding 
a  view  of  the  mountain  portals  on  the  south  and  the  mountain  overlook 
on  the  north — the  Gibraltar  of  Revolutionary  fame  and  the  dreamland 
of  Rip  Van  Winkle.  The  magnificent  steamers  which  j^ly  daily  between 
New  York  and  Albany,  thirty  trains  on  the  best-appointed  railroad  in 
the  country,  and  fine  steamers  of  home  enterprise,  make  the  traveling 
facilities  complete.  The  city  has  a  j^opulation  of  25,000  inhabitants — 
the  largest  between  the  capital  and  the  metrojDolis.  In  addition  to  its 
natuial  beauty,  Poughkeepsie  is  noted  throughout  our  country  for  re- 
fined society,  and  as  a  nucleus  of  the  finest  schools  in  our  countiy. 

Just  before  the  river  boats  land  at  Poughkeepsie  we  see  uiDon  our 
right,  as  we  come  up  the  river,  a  large  structure,  the  "  Riverview  Mili- 
tary Academy."  It  crowns  a  fine  eminence  looking  off  toward  the 
Highlands  on  the  south,  and  the  Catskills  to  the  north  and  west.  It  is 
most  thoroughly  ventilated,  and  heated  by  steam  throughout.     Water 

59 


is  accessible  on  every  floor,  and  the  room  of  eacli  pupil  is  pleasant  and 
commodious.  The  views  are  delightful  in  every  direction,  as  will  be 
seen  from  the  cut  here  given.  Mr.  Bisbee  has  met  with  the  most 
marked  success  in  training  boys  for  business,  college,  for  West  Point, 
and  other  military  and  naval  institutions.  In  fact,  he  believes  in  an 
education  which  results  in  force  of  character — the  true  aim  of  all 
edacation. 


EivERViEW  Military  Academy. 

A  %vide-awake  thorough-going  School  for  Boys  wishing  to  be  trained  for  Business,  for  College,  or 
for  "West  Point  or  the  Naval  Academy. 

OTIS   BISBEE,  A.  M.,  PRINCIPAL   AND    PROPRIETOR. 

We  would  also  mention  "Vassar  College"  and  "  Poughkeepsie 
Female  Academy,"  the  latter  under  the  rectorship  of  the  Eev.  D.  G. 
Wright,  A.M.  It  is  located  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  and  has  long 
been  distinguished  for  its  thoroughness  of  instruction  and  carefulness 
of  super\dsion.  The  buildings  are  ample  and  commodious;  the  rooms 
large,  well  ventilated,  and  furnished  with  regard  to  taste,  convenience, 

60 


and  liome  comfort.  The  laboratory  is  furnished  with  an  extensive 
XDhilosophical,  chemical,  and  astronomical  apparatus.  Pupils  are  carried 
through  a  collegiate  course,  or  fitted  to  enter  any  class  in  Vassar  College. 
For  many  years  this  Academy  has  ranked  among  the  first  in  our  State 
in  educational  spirit  and  progTess;  and  there  are  few,  if  any,  places 
where  young  ladies  acquire  a  more  healthy  mental  or  moral  education, 
a  more  finished  and  perfect  symmetry  in  the  development  of  mind  and 
heart.     We  present  a  cut  of  the  Academy  on  the  opposite  page. 

Vassar  College,  situated  two  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  ranks  among 
the  first  educational  institutions  of  our  land.  It  is  for  young  ladies 
what  Yale  and  Harvard  are  for  young  men.  It  was  founded  by  the  late 
Matthew  Vassar,  who  has  left  behind  him,  in  this  stately  building  and 
generous  endowment,  "a  monument  more  lasting  than  brass."  We  re- 
gret that  Ave  have  not  a  cut  of  the  buildings  and  grounds,  and  hope  to 
secure  them  another  season. 

Near  the  river  landing  w^e  see  the  extensive  manufactory  of  Adriance, 
Piatt,  &  Co.  In  1857  and  1858  this  firm  commenced  the  manufacture 
and  sale  of  the  Buckeye  Mower  at  Poughkeepsie,  with  salesroom  in 
New  York.  The  business  has  increased  and  enlarged  in  their  hands 
materially,  and  they  have  attained  such  excellence  in  the  manufacture 
of  their  machines  that  their  reputation  is  world-wide.  Twelve  years 
have  sufficed  to  extend  the  sale  of  the  Buckeye  from  twenty-five  ma- 
chines to  30,000  in  a  single  season.  Surely  the  old  chariots  of  war  have 
become  chariots  of  peace. 

The  fine  park,  grounds  and  terrace  buildings  of  Mayor  Eastman 
are  a  fine  feature  of  the  city.  The  new  terrace  building  is,  taken  with 
the  entire  surroundings,  the  finest  on  the  Hudson,  or  any  other  river 
in  the  world.  He  has  been  a  live  man  in  the  city,  and  has  always  stood 
in  the  front  rank  of  enterprise.  His  grounds  are  always  open  to  the 
l^ublic.  The  houses  of  his  Terrace  Block  are  now  completed,  and  can 
be  purchased  for  what  the  rent  of  an  ordinary  house  in  the  city  of  New 
York  would  cost  for  only  three  or  four  years.  His  Business  College, 
referred  to  in  another  place,  is  a  very  successful  institution,  and  its 
reputation  reaches,  like  the  Pacific  Kailroad,  from  New  York  to  San 

62 


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Francisco.  In  fact,  we  know  of  no  city  tliat  has  been  so  thoroughly 
advertised  as  Ponghkeepsie,  through  its  various  institutions  and  suc- 
cessful enterprise. 

The  "Morgan  House,"  a  cut  of  which  is  here  given,  is  a  fine  hotel, 
situated  in  the  central  part  of  the  city,  corner  of  Main  and  Catherine 


MOEGAN    HOUSE,  POUGHKEEPSIE,  N.  Y. 
PUTNAM  &  CHAPMAN,  PEOPEIETOKS. 


Streets.  Carriages  meet  the  boats  and  cars.  The  horse-cars  also  pass 
the  door.  It  is  considered  the  finest  city  hotel  between  New  York  and 
Albany.     L.  S.  Putnam,  Proprietor. 

The  Memorial  Fountain,  "To  the  Patriot  Dead  of  Duchess  County," 
is  probably  the  finest  in  the  State;  the  CoUingwood  Opera-HoOse  is  an 

64 


elegant  music-hall  capable  of  seating  twenty-two  hundred  people;  the 
Insane  Asylum  is  a  magnificent  structiu-e;  and  the  diives  are  charm- 
ing in  every  direction.  In  fact,  it  would  be  an  easy  matter  to  write  a 
work  on  Poughkeepsie  alone;  and  we  would  like  to  vrriie  fifteen  or 
twenty  pages  on  the 

PouGHKKEPSiE  AND  Easteek  EAUiEOAD,  which  forms  a  direct  route 
across  the  county,  connecting  the  pleasant  valley  of  the  Harlem  and  the 
Housatonic  with  the  Hudson.  We  would  suggest,  as  one  of  the  finest 
little  trips  out  of  New  York,  the  day  boat  to  Poughkeepsie;  spend  a  day 
in  the  city;  take  the  Poughkeepsie  and  Eastern  Eaih'oad  to  Millerton; 
run  uj)  to  Bash-Bish  Falls,  near  Copake,  or  down  the  Harlem  to  the 
Dover  Stone  Church,  to  Lake  Mahopac,  and  so  to  New  York, — making 
the  whole  trip  in  three  days.  This  route  also,  in  connection  with  the 
Connecticut  Western,  opens  up  a  direct  way  to  Hartford  and  Boston. 
We  would  also  like  to  speak  of  the  enterprise  of  the  city  in  supplying 
piu'O  water  from  the  Hudson;  and  the  coming  bridge,  connecting  the 
east  with  the  coal-fields  of  Pennsylvania. 

As  the  steamer  leaves  Poughkeepsie,  we  see  New  Paltz  Landing,  al- 
most opposite,  and  Hyde  Park,  on  east  bank,  six  miles  above  Pough- 
keepsie. Then  Staatsburgh  Station,  on  the  east  side;  and  then  Rhine- 
beck,  ninety  miles  from  New  York.  Rondout,  or  City  of  Kingston,  is 
directly  oi)posite,  at  the  mouth  of  Rondout  Creek.  This  is  the  eastern 
end  of  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal.  Rhinebeck  is  two  miles  from 
Rhineclift'  Landing,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  towns  in  Duchess  County. 
It  was  named,  as  some  say,  by  combining  two  words — Beekman  and 
Rhine.  Others  say  that  the  word  beek  means  clifi",  and  the  town  was  so 
named  from  the  resemblance  of  the  cliffs  to  those  of  the  Rhine. 

Rondout  had  its  derivation  from  the  redoubt  that  was  built  on  the 
banks  of  the  creek.  The  creek  took  the  name  of  Redoubt  Kill,  after- 
ward Rundout,  and  then  Rondout.  The  old  town  of  Kingston  was 
once  called  Esopus,  on  Esopus  Creek,  which  flows  north  and  empties 
into  the  Hudson,  at  Saugerties.  The  Indian  name  for  Kingston  was 
At-kar-kar-ton  -  the  gi'cat  plot  or  meadow,  on  which  they  raised  corn 
and  beans. 

6S 


THE    DeGARMO    institute, 


AT 


RHINEBECK.    DUTCHESS   CO.,  N.Y. 

A  Pettaxz  BoAEDiyG-ScHooi.  for  both  sexes,  is  in  a  pleasant  village, 
has  an  attractiT-e  and  comfortable  Building,  and  its  Eooms  are  neatlr 
furnished. 

It  prepares  Pnpils  for  Business  or  for  College.  An  able  Corps  of 
Teachers  is  constantly  employed,  and  thorough  work  is  done. 

Por  Catalc^oe  containing  Terms  and  all  Particnlars,  address  the 
Principa], 

James  3L   DeGarmo, 

EHTNTBECK,  V.  Y. 


TKE   CATSKELXS— BEArXY. 

•'  Azid  eOOD  the  CatatiiLs  print  tiie  diaont  ^y. 

And  o'er  their  airy  x<.<z<s  the  t&iiLt  cloTids  driv&L, 
So  eoftiy  blending  that  the  cheated  eye 
Sow  questLoiifi  which  is  earth  or  which  is  hearen." 

We  have  now  approached  the  fifth  diTision  of  our  river,  gnarded  by 
the  most  classic  range  of  rnonn tains  in  our  country.  By  a  natwed 
ascendancy  they  have  maziy  counties  of  the  Hudson  under  their  juris- 
diction— ^Ulster.  Greene.,  and  Albany,  on  the  west  bank;  and  Duche^ 
Colnmbia,  and  Rensselaer,  on  the  east. 

The  first  plac-e  above  Khinecliff,  our  last  landing,  is  the  village  of 
Bakbitotts,  on  the  east  bank,  ninety -six  miles  from  New  York.  It  is 
Eaid,  when  Jackson  was  President,  and  this  village  wanted  a  post-office, 
that  he  would  not  allow  it  under  the  name  of  Barrytown,  from  personal 
dislike  to  General  Barry,  and  suggested  another  name.  But  the  people 
were  loval  to  their  old  friend,  and  ttent  trit?tout  a  poet-office  until  a  new 
administration.  The  name  Barrytown.  therefore,  stands  as  a  monu- 
ment to  pluck.  The  place  is  known  among  the  old  settlers  as  Lower 
Red  Hook  Landing. 

Ttvou:.  one  hundred  miles  from  New  Tork,  is  the  only  name  on  our 
river  that  ought  to  be  printed  in  old-style  Roman  letters,  for  it  carries 
us  back  to  the  days  of  the  Seven-Hilled  City,  and  one  of  the  famous 
watering-places  of  the  days  of  Horace.  We  have  sometimes  thought 
it  received  its  name  from  a  little  waterfall  near  the  landing  and  its  r  :  - 
erid  romantic  surroundings.  One  of  the  mansions  of  the  old  Living-:: .  i- 
family  is  near  the  village.     Saugerties  lies  directly  opposite. 

Geemaxtowx.  105  miles  from  New  York,  is  on  the  east  side.  A  short 
distance  above,  the  Roeliffe  Jansens  Kill  flows  into  the  Hudson.  This 
stream,  called  by  the  Indians  the  Sankpenak,  was  the  boimdaiy  between 
the  Wappingers  on  the  south  and  the  Mohegans  on  the  north.  Near 
it^  mouth  is  the  old  Claremont  estate — the  original  Livingston  manor. 
Here  Fulton's  prcject  found  special  favor,  and  he  was  materially  aided 
by  the  sympathy  and  generosity  of  Cnancellor  Livingston.  The  first 
steamboat  on  the  Hudson  made  its  first  trip  the  early  part  of  September, 

6- 


1807,  and  was  called  the  "  Claremont, "  as  a  testimonial  of  gratitude. 
The  trip  from  New  York  to  Albany,  in  those  "good  old  days,"  took 
about  forty  hours  [vide  Lossing's  "Wilderness  to  the  Sea.") 

CatskhjIj  Landing  is  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  Catskill,  or  Kau- 
terskill  Creek.  It  is  said  that  the  creek  and  mountains  took  their  name 
from  the  following  fact.  It  is  known  that  each  tribe  had  a  totemic 
emblem,  or  rude  banner:  the  Molie£,ans  had  the  wolf  as  their  emblem, 
and  some  say,  that  the  word  Mohegan  means  the  enchanted  wolf. 
(The  Lenni  Lenapes,  or  Delawares,  at  the  Highlands,  had  the  turkey 
as  their  totem.)  Catskill  was  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Mohegans 
on  the  west  bank,  and  here  they  set  up  their  emblem.  It  is  said,  from 
this  fact  the  stream  took  the  name  of  the  Kaaters-kill.  The  large  cat 
and  wolf  were  at  least  similar  in  appearance,  from  the  mark  of  King 
Aepgin  in  his  deed  to  Van  Rensselaer.  •  Perhaps,  however,  the  moun- 
tains at  one  time  abounded  in  these  animals,  and  the  emblem  may  be 
only  a  coincidence. 

Peospect  Pakk  Hotel. — The  first  thing  that  attracts  o^^r  attention 
as  the  steamer  nears  the  landing,  is  a  fine  hotel,  well  known  to  the 
public  through  a  successful  four  years'  administration — the  Prot-pect 
Park  Hotel:  Jno.  Breasted,  Proprietor.  This  j)lateau,  two  hundred 
and  fifty  feet  above  the  river,  is  appropriately  named;  for,  as  you  sit  on 
the  broad  piazza  which  almost  surrounds  the  hotel,  you  can  see  to  the 
south,  the  valley  of  the  Hudson  for  thirty  miles — the  "Man  in  the 
Mountain,"  und  the  whole  range  of  the  Catsldlls;  to  the  north  and 
northeast,  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont,  and  whichever  way  you 
look,  it  seems  as  if  the  river  lay  at  your  feet.  The  grounds  are  twen- 
ty acres  in  extent,  and  are  well  adapted  to  the  chief  design.  Guests 
cm  find  either  shade,  sunshine,  or  quiet.  It  was  first  opened  in  1870, 
and  within  these  five  years  the  proprietor  has  been  compelled  to  en- 
large it  to  more  than  treble  its  former  capacity.  The  main  building  is 
now  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  front,  with  wing  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  by  forty.  There  are  three  hundred  and  seventy  feet  of  two-storied 
piazza,  sixteen  feet  wide,  supported  by  Corinthian  pillars  twenty -five 
feet  high.    We  think  it  is  safe  to  say  that  it  is  the  most  airy  and  cheer- 

68 


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ful  hotel  on  tlie  river  bank  between  New  York  and  Albany.  Like 
Aladdin's  Palace  it  sprung  up  all  at  once,  white  and  beautiful,  and  gave 
life,  as  it  were,  to  the  whole  landscape.  It  is  one  of  the  few  hotels  that 
had  the  good  fortune  to  become  prominent  all  at  once;  and  this  popu- 
larity was  not  accidental,  but  owing  to  many  causes:  its  fine  location — 
its  enchanting  views — its  splendid  management.  Moreover,  the  fresh 
bracing  air  from  the  Catsklls  makes  Catskill  one  of  the  pleasantest 
places  to  spend  the  heat  of  the  summer,  or  the  noontide  of  the  year; 


IRVING    HOUSE. 
H.  A.  Person,  Proprietor. 

and,  indeed,  a  summer  tour  is  not  complete  unless  we  pay  Catskiil 
a  visit.  Prospect  Park  stages  and  carriages  meet  passengers  at  the 
landing. 

Catskill  Village.— The  old  tillage,  with  its  Main  Street,  lies  along 
the  valley  of  the  Catskill  Creek,  not  quite  a  mile  from  the  Causeway 
Landing,  and  preserves  some  of  the  features  of  the  days  when  Knicken^- 
hocker  was  accustomed  to  pay  it  an  annual  visit.     Its  location  seems  to 

70 


have  been  chosen  as  a  place  of  seciuity — out  of  sight  to  one  voyaging 
up  the  river.  It  has,  however,  gi'own  rapidly  during  the  last  few  years, 
and  the  northern  slope  is  covered  with  fine  residences,  aU  of  which 
command  extensive  views  of  the  Hudson.  A  new  hotel,  long  needed 
in  the  business  part  of  the  village,  was  built  on  Main  Street  in  1871. 
It  was  appropriately  christened  the  "Irving  House,"  as  Catskill  owes 
a  large  part  of  its  present  i^opularity — probably  more  than  it  imagines 
— to  the  pen  of  Washington  Irving.  It  is  fitted  up  with  all  the  conve- 
veniences  of  a  first-class  hotel,  and  is  kept  open  dui'ing  the  whole  yeai*. 

CATSKiLii  Mountain  House. — For  miles  up  and  down  the  river,  and 
from  almost  any  point  in  the  six  counties  we  have  mentioned  as  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  Catskills,  we  can  see  the  "Mountain  House," 
three  thousand  feei  above  the  river,  like  a  bit  of  snow  left  on  the  moun- 
tains. This  hotel  is  only  ten  or  eleven  miles  from  the  landing,  and  the 
ride  from  the  village  is  pleasant  and  romantic.  This  hotel  has  been  for 
years  the  favorite  summer  resort  on  the  river,  and  its  popularity  is  con- 
tinually on  the  increase.  No  European  traveler  ever  thinks  of  leaving  it 
unvisited.  The  Catskills  and  Niagara  Falls  are  two  points  'known  every- 
where. 

These  mountains  are,  indeed,  the  gloiy  of  the  Hudson,  and  have 
been  poetically  termed,  "the  ever-changing  legendary  Kaatsbergs." 
They  were  called  by  the  Indians  the  Onti-o-ras,  or  Mountains  of  the 
Sky,  as  they  sometimes  seem  like  clouds  along  the  horizon.  This  range 
of  mountains  was  supposed  by  the  Indians  to  have  been  originally  a 
monster  who  devoured  all  the  children  of  the  Ked  Men,  and  that  the 
Great  Spirit  touched  him  when  he  was  going  down  to  the  salt  lake  to 
bathe,  and  here  he  remains.  "Two  little  lakes  upon  the  summit  were 
regarded  as  the  eyes  of  the  monster,  and  these  are  open  all  the  summer; 
but  in  the  winter  they  are  covered  with  a  thick  crust  or  heavy  film;  but 
whether  sleeping  or  waking,  tears  always  trickle  down  his  cheeks. 
Here,  according  to  Indian  belief,  was  kept  the  gi'eat  treasury  of 
storm  and  sunshine,  presided  over  by  an  old  squaw  spirit  who 
dwelt  on  the  highest  peak  of  the  mountains.  She  kept  day  and 
night  shut  up  in  her  wigwam,   letting  out  only  one  at  a  time.     She 

71 


manufactured  new  moons  everr  month,  cutting  up  the  old  ones  into  stars, 
and,  like  the  old  ^olus  of  mythology,  shut  the  winds  np  in  the  caverns 
of  the  hills."  A  morning  view  from  this  cliff  will  be  remembered  a  life- 
time ;  at  least  we  remember,  as  if  it  were  yesterday,  a  July  morning  three 
years  ago.     We  rose  at  3.30,  at  least  an  hour  before 

'"Night  murmured  to  the  morning, — 
Lie  still,  oh!  love,  lie  still.'' 

Patiently  we  waited  the  sun's  advent,  and  as  the  rosy  dawn  announced 
the  morning  coming  with  **  looks  all  vernal  and  with  cheeks  all  bloom," 
the  windoics  of  the  Monntain  House,  one  after  another,  began  to  reveal 
undreamed  visions  of  loveliness,  and  it  were  really  difficult  to  tell  which 
had  the  deeper  interest,  the  sun's  rising  in  the  east,  or  the  daughters 
in  the  west.  The  rosy  clouds  of  the  one,  the  tender  blushes  of  the 
other;  the  opening  eyelids  of  the  morning,  or  the  opening  eyelids  of 
innocence ;  the  bright  ambrosial  locks  hanging  far  and  wide  along 
the  deep  blue  chiseled  mountain  side,  or  the  uncombed  ripples  which, 
like  mountain  streams  receiving  additions  from  other  sources,  would 
probably  become  beautiful  waterfalls.  In  four  minutes  more  by  solar 
time,  and  the  sun  would  sprinkle  the  golden  dust  of  light  over  the  valley 
of  the  Hudson.  The  East  was  all  aglow,  and,  as  ice  stood  musing  the  fire 
burned,  yes,  brighter  and  brighter,  as  if  the  distant  hills  were  an  altar, 
and  a  sacrifice  was  being  offered  up  to  the  G-od  of  Day.  It  truly  reminded 
one  of  an  Oriental  dry-goods  store,  with  costly  goods  in  the  show-win- 
dows running  opposition  to  the  muslin  and  dimity-filled  window-cases 
in  the  west. 

Cities  and  villages  below  us  sprang  into  being,  and  misty  shapes  rose 
from  the  valley,  as  if  Day  had  rolled  back  the  stone  from  the  Sepulcher 
of  Xight,  and  it  was  rising  transfigured  to  Heaven.  Adown  and  up  the 
river  for  the  distance  of  sixty  miles,  sloops  and  schooners  drifted  lazily 
along,  while  below  us  the  little 

"  ferry-boats  plied 
Like  slow  shuttles  through  the  sunny  warp 
Of  threaded  silver  from  a  thousand  brooks." 

Truly  the  Catskills  were  a  fitting  place  for  the  artist  Cole  to  gatner 
inspiration  to  complete  that  beautiful  series  of  paintings,   '' The  Voyage 

72 


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IT 


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o 
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I 


of  Life,"  for  no  finer  mountains  in  all  the  world  overlook  a  finer  river. 
Irving,  in  writing  of  his  first  voyage  up  the  Hudson,  "  in  the  good  old  times 
before  steamboats  and  railroads  had  annihilated  time  and  space,  and  driven 
all  poetry  and  romance  out  of  travel,"  says:  "But  of  all  the  scenery 
of  the  Hudson  the  Kaatskill  Mountains  had  the  most  witching  effect  on 
my  boyish  imagination.  Never  shall  I  forget  the  effect  upon  me  of  tlie 
first  view  of  them,  predominating  over  a  wide  extent  of  country, — part 
wild,  woody,  and  rugged,  part  softened  away  into  all  the  graces  of  cul- 
tivation. As  we  slowly  floated  along  I  lay  on  the  deck  and  watched 
them  through  a  long  summer's  day ;  undergoing  a  thousand  mutations 
under  the  magical  effects  of  atmosphere ;  sometimes  seeming  to  ap- 
proach; at  other  times  to  recede;  now  almost  melting  into  hazy  distance, 
now  burnished  by  the  setting  sun,  until  in  the  evening  they  printed 
themselves  against  the  glowing  sky  in  the  deep  purple  of  an  Italian 
landscape."  .  On  preceeding  page  we  presented  a  cut  of  the  Mountain 
House,  furnished  by  Mr.  C.  L.  Beach,  proprietor.  This  favorite  summer 
resort,  so  justly  celebrated  for  its  grand  scenery  and  healthful  atmos- 
phere, will  be  open  from  June  1st  to  October  1st.  Ready  access  may  be 
had  at  all  times  by  Mr.  Beach's  stages  connecting  at  the  village  of  Cats- 
kill  with  the  Hudson  River  steamboats  and  the  trains  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad.  Two  miles  from  the  hotel  are  the  Kaaterskill  Falls. 
The  waters  fall  perpendicularly  175  feet,  and  afterward  85  feet  more. 
A  sort  of  amphitheater  behind  the  cascade  is  the  scene  of  one  of  Bryant's 
finest  poems  : — 

'■  From  greens  and  shades  where  the  Catterskill  leaps 
Prom  cliffs  where  the  wood  flowers  cling;" 

and  we  recall  the  lines  which  express  so  beautifully  the  well-nigh  fatal 
dream  : — 

"  Of  that  dreaming  one 
By  the  base  of  that  icy  steep 

"When  over  his  stiflfening  limbs  begun 

The  deadly  slumbers  of  frost  to  creep. 
*  *  *  * 

There  pass  the  chasers  of  seal  and  whale, 

With  -heir  weapons  quaint  and  grim, 
And  bands  of  warriors  in  glittering  mail, 

And  herdsmen  and  hunters  huge  of  limb, 
There  are  naked  arms  with  bow  and  spear 

And  furry  gauntlets  the  carbine  rear. 

74 


li.VURKL    HOU8K,    KAUTEKSKTLL,    FALLS,    N.  T. 
J.    L.   SCHL'TT,    PKOl'KIETOR. 

The  Latjrel  House  has  a  cliarmiDg  location  near  the  brow  of  the  falls, 
and  a  few  steps  lead  one  to  the  platform  and  stairs  which  command  a 
view  of  both  the  upper  and  lower  falls.  There  are  many  points  of  interest 
within  an  honr's  stroll,  of  a  summer  afternoon — Haines  Falls  and  Sunset 
Rock.  From  the  rock  at  sunset  we  get  a  view  of  he  entire  extent  of  the 
Catskill  Clove.  A  musket-shot  in  the  evening  wakes  the  echoes,  and, 
perhaps,  disturbs  the  repose  of  old  Hen  Trick  Hudson's  men,  who  are 
supposed  to  slumber  here  occasionally.  The  hotel  is.under  the  efficient 
management  of  Mr.  J.  L.  Sehutt,  and  is  one  of  the  most  po]valar  in 
the  mountain  region  ;  it  will  accommodate  250  guests.  Tourists  will 
find  an  obliging  agent  at  the-  steamboat  landing,  and  coaches  that  run 
direct  to  the  Laurel  House. 

74  (a) 


About  half-way  up  the  mountain  is  the  place  said  to  be  the  dream- 
land of  Rip  Van  Winkle — the  greatest  character  of  American  Mythology, 
more  real  than  the  heroes  of  Homer  or  the  massive  gods  of  Olympus, 
And  our  age  has  reason  to  congratulate  itself  on  the  possession  of  Joseph 
Jefferson  and  John  Rogers,  who  on  the  stage  and  in  the  studio  have 
illustrated  to  the  life  this  master-piece  of  Irving. 

The  cut  here  given  repesents  Rijp  Van  Winkle  at  home,  the  favorite 


of  the  village  children.  You  will  remember  Irving  says,  "the  children 
of  the  village  would  shout  with  joy  whenever  he  a^Dproached,  he  assisted 
at  their  sports,  made  them  playthings,  taught  them  to  fly  kites  and 
shoot  marbles,  and  told  them  long  stories  of  ghosts,  witches  and 
Indians.  Whenever  he  went  dodging  about  the  village  he  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  troop  of  them  hanging  on  his  skirts,  clambering  on  his 
back  and  playing  a  thousand  tricks  on  him  with  impunity."  Two 
others  complete  the  group,  Rip  Van  Winkle  on  the  mountains,  and 
Rip  Van  Winkle  returned.    As  will  be  seen  above,  the  figure  of  Rip  was 

75 


modelled  from  Mr.  Jefferson,  who  sat  for  his  likeness.  And  as  we  turn 
away  from  the  Catskills,  with  their  visions  of  beauty  and  reality  of  fic- 
tion, we  can  only  say,  don't  fail  to  hear  the  great  actor  when  opportu- 
nity occurs,  don't  fail  to  read  again  the  story  of  Irving,  and  don't 
fail  to  have  the  finest  gronj)  of  statuary  in  the  world, — price  twelve 
dollars  each. 

These,  wdth  the  courtshii)  of  Ichabod  and  Katrina,  give  an  artistic 
delineation  of  the  comic-tragedy  and  the  tragic-comedy  of  the  Hudson. 
A  stamp  enclosed  to  John  Rogers,  212  Pifth  Avenue,  will  procure  a  fine 
illustrated  catalogue  and  price-list. 

Catskill  was  for  many  years  the  home  of  Cole,  the  artist;  and  the 
new  residence  of  Church  will  be  seen  almost  oi^posite,  on  the  east 
bank. 

Hudson,  six  miles  north  of  Catskill,  was  founded  in  the  year  1784, 
by  thirty  persons  from  Providence,  E.  I.  The  city  is  situated  on  a 
sloping  promontory,  bounded  by  the  North  and  South  Bays.  Its  main 
streets,  Warren,  Union  and  Alien,  run  east  and  west  a  little  more  than 
a  mile  in  length,  crossed  by  Front  street.  First,  Second,  Third,  etc. 
Main  street  reaches  from  Promenade  Park  to  Prospect  Hill,  The  Park 
is  on  the  bluff  just  above  the  steamboat  landing;  w^e  believe  this  city 
is  the  only  one  on  the  Hudson  that  has  a  Promenade  gi-ound  over- 
looking the  river.  It  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  Catskill  Mountains, 
Mount  Merino,  and  miles  of  the  river  scenery.  The  city  has  always 
enjoyed  the  reputation  of  hospitality,  and  strangers  receive  a  kindly 
welcome.  It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Hudson  and  Boston  Rail- 
road, which  passes  thi^ough  Claverack,  with  its  flourishing  *' Hudson 
River  Institute,"  and  Philmont  with  its  fine  water  power,  to  Chatham, 
where  connections  are  made  with  Harlem  Extension  Railroad  for 
Lebanon  Springs,  and  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  for  Pittsfield. 
Passengers  can  reach  either  place  the  same  evening,  or  remain  over 
night  and  take  a  fresh  start  in  the  morning.  The  "Worth  House," 
about  three  blocks  from  the  landing  or  depot,  is  the  best  hotel  in  the 
city.  It  has  a  fine  location  on  Warren  street,  and  has  long  been  known 
as  one  of  the  very  pleasantest  and  best  conducted  on  the  Hudson.  Its 
name  is  associated  with  the  brave  General  Worth  of  the  Mexican  War, 

76 


whose  fine  monument  stands  in  front  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  New 
York.  The  Worth  House  is  built  on  the  site  of  the  old  building  where 
the  General  was  bom.     The  Messrs.  Miller,  Proprietors. 

Athens,  directly  opposite  Hudson,  is  suggestive  of  at  least  one  thing, 
that  we  have  names  on  the  Hudson  of  all  complexions — Troy,  Athens, 
Tivoli,  and  Carthage,  *'  mixed  up  "  with  English,  Dutch,  and  Indian 
names  of  every  dialect.  An  old  Mohegan  village,  kno"s\'n  as  Potick,  was 
located  west  of  Athens. 

After  leaving  Hudson  we  pass  Stockport  on  the  east  side,  and  Cox- 
sackie  on  the  west  (name  derived  from  an  Indian  word  signifying  cut 
banks;  others  say  Cooks-ockay,  owl-hooting;  and  others  from  Kaak-aki, 
a,  place  of  geese). 

Stuyvesant,  ten  miles  north  of  Hudson,  on  the  east  bank,  was  once 
known  as  Kinderhook  Point,  or  Landing,  and  took  its  name  from  an 
old  Swedish  family  with  numerous  progeny,  that  once  lived  on  a  point 
half  a  mile  above  the  landing — Kinder-hook  signifying  Children's  Cor- 
ner, or  Point.  The  village  of  Kindeihook  is  the  finest  in  Columbia 
County,  five  miles  from  the  landing.  Llndenwold,  the  home  of  Martin 
Van  Buren,  is  about  two  miles  from  the  village.  Columbia  is  one  of 
the  few  counties  in  our  republic  that  can  boast  a  President  of  the 
United  States. 

The  villages  of  New  Baltimore  and  Coeymans  are  on  the  west  bank. 
Schodack  Landing  and  Castleton  on  the  east.  In  digging  for  the  foun- 
dation of  a  house  at  Coeyman's,  in  the  winter  of  1872,  it  is  said  that 
ruins  of  the  old  castle  were  discovered,  where  Anthony  Van  Corlear 
blew  his  trumpet  in  vain,  and  carried  back  certain  signs  to  the  good 
people  of  New  Amsterdam,  strange  to  behold  (see  Irving's  Knicker- 
bocker). 

Schodack. — The  township  of  Schodack  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
pleasantest  in  the  County  of  Eensselaer,  and  was  the  head-centre  or 
capital  of  the  Mohegan  tribe.  It  has  its  origin  in  the  word  Schoti,  sig- 
nifying fire;  and  ack,  place;  or  the  place  of  the  ever-burning  council- 
fire  of  the  Mohegan  tribe.  Here  King  Aepgin,  the  8th  of  .AiDril, 
1680,  sold  to  Van  Eensselaer  "  all  that  tract  of  country  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Hudson,  extending  from  Beeren  Island  up  to  Smack's  Island, 
and  in  breadth  two  day's  journey."   77 


The  Mohegan  Teibe  originally  occupied  all  the  east  bank  of  the 
Hudson  north  of  Eoelifle  Jansen's  Kill,  near  Germantown,  to  the  head 
waters  of  the  Hudson;  and,  on  the  west  bank,  from  Cohoes  to  Catskill. 
The  town  of  Schodack  was  central,  and  a  signal  displayed  from  the  hills 
near  Castleton  could  be  seen  for  thirty  miles  in  every  direction.  After 
the  Mohegans  left  the  Hudson,  they  went  to  Vv  estenhook,  or  Housa- 
tonic,  to  the  hills  south  of  Stockbridge;  and  then,  on  invitation  of  the 
Oneidas,  removed  to  Oneida  County,  1785,  where  they  lived  until  1821, 
when,  with  other  Indians  of  New  York,  they  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
near  Pox  Eiver,  Minnesota. 

The  Mourder's  Kill  flows  into  the  Hudson  just  above  Castleton.  The 
Norman's  Kill  flows  into  the  Hudson  a  few  miles  above,  on  the  west 
side.  It  was  called  by  the  Indians  the  Tawasentha,  or  **  place  of  many 
dead."  We  are  now  in  sight  of  Albany,  and  our  summer  day  is  drawing 
to  a  clo^e. 

Albany  is  a  city  of  about  eighty  thousand  inhabitants,  and  one  of 
the  most  fl-ourishing  in  the  State.  Its  prosperity  is  due  to,  at  least, 
three  causes.  First,  the  capital  was  removed  fi'om  New  York  to  Albany 
in  1798.  Then  followed  two  great  enterprises,  ridiculed  at  the  time  by 
every  one  as  the  Fulton  FoUy  and  Clinton's  Ditch;  in  other  words,  steam 
navigation,  1807,  and  the  Erie  Canal,  1825.  Tourists  and  travelers  will 
find  interest  in  \asiting  the  old  and  new  Capitol,  the  State  Hall,  the 
City  Hall,  and  the  Dudley  Observatory,  to  the  north  of  the  city;  and, 
during  their  stay,  they  will  find  the  best  care  and  attention  at  the 
"  Delavan  House."  This  hotel  is  complete  in  aU  its  appointments,  and 
is  known  everywhere  p^s  one  of  the  best  in  the  State. 

The  Albany  Cathedral  is  also  a  grand  structure,  and  will  well  repay 
a  ^dsit.  The  iron  fence  about  it  was  made  at  the  Albany  Iron  and  Ma- 
chine Works  (H.  C.  Haskell,  Proprietor),  and  is  probably  the  finest 
work  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  railing,  also,  on  the  new 
bridge  across  the  Hudson  at  Albany,  is  of  their  manufacture,  to  which 
we  call  the  respectful  attention  of  all  who  have  a  taste  for  art  and 
beauty,  in  this  **age  of  iron."  During  the  past  winter  he  completed 
one  of  his  fine  engines  for  the  Government  Printing  House  in  Wash- 
ington, and  it  is  pronounced  the  most  effective  in  our  country.    He  has 

7S 


recently  erected  a  new  building  near  the  steamlDoat  landing  and  tlie 
depot  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  Eailroad,  four  stories  high,  fifty 
feet  by  sixty,  which  increases  his  facilities  for  doing  with  j^romptness 
and  desiDatch  liis  continually  increasing  business. 

The  site  of  Albany  was  called  by  the  Indians  Shaunaugh-ta-da,  or 
the  Pine  Plains,  a  name  which  we  still  see  in  Schenectada.  From  an 
old  book  in  the  State  Library,  we  conden&e  the  following  description, 


DELAVAN    HOUSE. 
Charlks  E.  Leland  «fe  Co.,  Proprietors. 


presenting  quite  a  contrast  to  its  modern  business  activity.  "Albany 
lay  stretched  along  the  banks  of  the  Hudson,  on  one  very  wide  and  long 
street,  parallel  to  the  Hudson.  The  space  between  the  street  and  the 
river-bank  was  occupied  by  gardens.  A  small  but  steep  hill  rose  above 
the  centre  of  the  town,  on  wh'ch  stood  a  fort.  The  wide  street  leading 
to  the  fort  (now  State  Street)  had  a  Market  Place,  Guard-House,  Tovm 
Hall,  and  an  English  and  Dutch  Church,  in  the  centre," 

79 


It  is  also  said  that  Albany  existed  one  hundred  years  "uithoiit  a  law- 
yer, even  as  Rome  five  hundred  without  a  lohysieian.  Its  name,  as  we 
said  before,  was  given  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  Albany,  although  it  is 
still  claimed  by  some  of  the  oldest  inhabitants,  that,  in  the  golden  age 
of  those  far-off  times,  when  the  good  old  burghers  used  to  ask  for  the 
welfare  of  their  neighbors,  the  answer  was  always  "All  bonnic,"  and 
hence  the  name  of  the  hill-cro^Tied  city. 

And  now,  while  waiting  to  "throw  out  the  plank,"  which  j^uts  a 
period  to  our  Hudson  Eiver  Division,  we  feel  like  congratulating  our- 
selves that  the  various  goblins  which  once  infested  the  river  have  be- 
come civilized,  that  the  winds  and  tides  have  been  conquered,  and  that 
the  nine-day  voyage  of  Hendrich  Hudson  and  the  "Half  Moon"  has 
been  reduced  to  the  nine-liour  si/stem  of  the  "Yibbard"  and  the 
"Drew." 

Those  who  have  traveled  over  Europe  will  certainly  appreciate  the 
quiet  luxury  of  an  American  steamer;  and  this  first  introduction  to 
American  scenery  will  always  charm  the  tourist  from  other  lauds. 
Three  years  ago  it  was  my  privilege  to  visit  some  of  the  rivers  and  lakes 
of  the  old  world,  well  knowTi  in  song  and  story,  but  I  imagine  that  no 
single  day's  journey  in  any  land  or  on  any  stream  can  present  such  vari- 
ety, interest,  and  beauty,  as  the  trip  of  one  hundred  and  fort v-f our  miles 
from  New  York  to  Albany.  The  Hudson  is  indeed  a  goodly  volume, 
with  its  broad  covers  of  green  lying  open  on  either  side;  and  it  might 
in  truth  be  called  a  cotidensed  history,  for  there  is  no  place  in  our 
country  where  poetry  ahd  romance  are  so  strangely  blended  witb  the 
heroic  and  the  historic, — no  river  where  the  waves  of  different  civiliza- 
tions have  left  so  many  waifs  upon  the  banks.  It  is  classic  ground, 
from  the  "  wilderness  to  the  sea,"  and  will  always  be 

THE  poets'  corner  OF  OUR  COUNTRfJ 

the  home  of  Irving,  Willis,  and  Morris, — of  Fulton,  Morse,  and  Field, 
— of  Cole,  Audubon,  and  Church,— and  scores  besides,  whose  names 
are  Household  Words. 

80 


ALBANY,    N.  Y. 

DET.AVAK    rJECK,    .    ,     .    l^roprietor. 

Conveniently  located  on  Broadway^  in  the  central 
part  of  the  city,  ivithin  a  minute  s  walk  of  the  Depots 
of  the  N'ezv  York  Ce^itral,  Hudson  River,  Rensselaer, 
and  Saratoga  Railroads, 

A  Pleasant  Hotel  for  the  Tourist  and  Business 

Traveler. 


ALBANY   TO  LEBANON  SPRINGS   AND  PITTSFLELD. 

We  Lave  already  indicated  in  our  Hudson  paragraph,  the  route  via 
the  Hudson  aud  Boston  Railroad  to  Lebanon  Springs  and  Pittsfiekl, 
by  which  one  reaches  his  destination  the  same  evening.  We  novr  give 
a  brief  description  of  these  interesting  points  for  summer  excursion. 
If  the  tourist  has  arrived  at  Albany,  he  will  remain  over  night  and  start 
the  next  morning,  via  the  "Boston  and  Albany  Railroad,"  from  the 
new  Depot  in  the  rear  of  Delavan  House.  Crossing  the  Hudson  on 
one  of  the  finest  bridges  on  the  continent,  and  halting  a  moment  at 
East  All:)any  to  take  passengers  from  Troy,  and  the  north,  the  railroad 
for  three  or  four  miles  rises  gradually  along  the  eastern  slope  of  t'  o 
river,  until  a  lovely  view  is  obtained  of  the  Hudson  and  the  distant 
Helderbergs  from  the  car  windows.  Eight  miles  from  Albany,  \<q 
puss  the  little  station  of  Schodack  Depot,  cross  the  stream  and  valley 
of  the  Mourdener's  Kill,  over  a  high  embankment,  thiough  South 
Schodack  to  Kinderhook,  the  landing  j)lace  for  Valatia,  about  tv.o 
miles  distant,  andr  Kinderhook  village,  about  three  miles  distant,  the 
pleasantest  in  Columbia  County  ;  then  through  Chatham  centre  to 
Chatham  village,  an  enteri3rising  place  of  about  2,000  inhabitants. 
Chatham  village  "was  once  known  as  **  Chatham  Four  Corners,"  and 
might  still  be  appropriately  so  styled,  as  four  railroads  centre  at  this 
place;  the  Harlem  Railroad,  south  to  New  York;  the  Hudson  and 
Boston,  west  to  Hudson;  the  Harlem  Extension,  or  New  York,  Bos- 
ton, and  Montreal  Railroad,  north  to  Lebanon  Springs,  Bennington, 
Manchester,  and  Rutland;  the  Boston  and  Albany,  east  to  Pittsfield, 
Springfield,  and  Boston, 

Lebanon  Springs,  is  about  eighteen  miles  north  of  Chatham  village, 
and  is  easily  reached  by  any  of  the  lines  here  mentioned.  The 
Valley  of  Lebanon  is  one  of  the  sweetest  and  fairest  in  the  world. 
"WTien  Henry  Vincent,  the  eloquent  friend  of  Bright  and  Cobden,  visit- 
ed this  country,  he  likened  "this  ever  varying  beauty  of  hills,  moun- 
tains,   and  valleys,    to   the   lovely   scenery   of  Llangollen  in  Wales.' 


"Columbia  Hall"  stands  at  the  head  of  the  valley  (and,  in  fact,  at 
the  head  of  most  of  our  summer  resorts),  commanding  the  entire  av- 
enue of  beauty.  Maple  Hill  to  the  south-east,  rises  ^dth  an  easy  slope 
from  the  clustering  hamlet  at  our  feet,  and  a  mile  distant  lies  the  vil- 
lage of  New  Lebanon.  The  Wyamonack  Creek  (its  name  of  Indian 
origin),  flows  through  the  valley,  blending  its  waters  with  the  Kinder- 
hook  on  its  way  to  the  Hudson.  It  seems  to  be  '•'  shut  in  by  hiUs  from 
I  the  rude  world,"  and  a  poetic  quiet  rests  over  this  pictui-e  in  repose, 
'  It  the  beauty  of  the  landscape  which  fi'om  every  point  meets  and  focal- 
izes itself  in  the  soul,  could  be  written  in  words  or  impressed  on  elcc- 
trotyj)e  i)lates,  it  might  be  worth  while  to  attempt  a  description,  but 
not  understanding  the  art  of  spii'itual  photograjDhy,  we  can  only  say, 
in  the  words  of  Goldsmith,  ' '  Every  breeze  breathes  health,  and  every 
sound  is  bat  the  echo  of  tranquillity."  Columbia  HaU  has  been  thor- 
oughly revised,  and  looks  like  a  holiday  book  in  its  ne  v  binding.  It  is 
now  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  James  T.  Fulton,  formerly  of  the  Interhatioi> 
al  Hotel,  Niagara  FaUs.  Mr.  Fidton  has  the  good  fortune  of  being 
popular  not  only  with  the  traveling  public,  but  also  with  all  the  Hotel 
Proprietors  from  NeV  York  to  Montreal,  and  from  Po:»tland  to  Chicago. 
As  he  ti^vels  ea.ii  from  the  sublimity  of  Niagara  to  the  quiet  loveliness 
of  Lebanon,  he  has  the  best  wishes  of  a  host  of  friends.  About  two 
miles  from  the  Hall  is  the  New  Lebanon  Society  of  Shakers.  This  society 
is  the  largest  in  the  United  'States.  They  number  some  six  hundred 
persons,  and  have  possession  of  some  six  thousand  acres  of  land  de- 
voted to  farming  pm-poses,  gardens  for  seeds,  fruits,  etc.,  which  are 
everywhere  famed  for  their  quality.  A  visit  is  at  all  times  interesting. 
The  Spring  in  the  hotel  grounds  is  a  great  cuiiosity,  and  keeps  an 
even  temperature  of  72=  summer  and  winter.  The  Hotel  and  hill  were 
once  known  as  Montepoole  (the  mountain  pool.) 

The  Sycamore  tree  which  shades  it  has  a  tradition  that  a  man  from 
New  Haven  some  sixty  years  ago,  stuck  his  riding-whip  in  the  giound. 
Then  it  was  only  large  enough  to  do  one  boy  justice;  now  a  thousand 
youths  could  lodge  in  the  branches  thereof. 

The  village  of  New  Lebanon  is  delightful,  the  birth  place  of  Samuel 

82 


^i^' 


^^J" 


3^i^i:S'->~.- 


J.  Tilden,  and  the  present  home  of  the  two  successful  and  enterprising- 
brothers,  Mr.  Moses  Tildon,  and  Mr.  Henry  Tilden. 

PiTTSi'iELD  is  the  first  town  of  importance  east  from  Chatham 
vii]a3-o,  on  the  Boston  an  1  Albany  Raih'oad,  and  we  know  of  none 
more  attractive  to  the  traveler,  especially  between  April  and  November. 


/^p-*-^ 


MAPLE   AVENUE. 


The  population  of  the  town  is  about  13,000,  and  occupies  the  center 
of  that  panorama  of  hills  which  encircles  the  county  of  Berkshire. 
This  county  lies  upon  a  grand  x^lateau  having  an  average  height  of  over 
1,000  feet,  being  the  most  compact  heights  of  the  Green  Mountains. 
Upon  and  around  this  plateau  rise  hills  of  an  average  altitude  of  1,800 
feet  above  tide-water,  or  800  above  the  Park  of  Pittsfield,  which  is  1,0^1 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

84 


Greylock,  which  bounds  the  northern  view,  rises  3,505  feet  aboye  the     ^ 
level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  highest  i^oiut  in  the  State.     The  various 
branches  of  the  Housatonic  Kiver  here  unite,  filling  the  town  with  a 
network   of    "braided  brooks,"  and   there   are   beside,  six  beautiful 
lakelets,  Onota,  I*ontoosuck,  Richmond,  Melville,  Silver,  and  Goodrich. 


MAPLEWOOD   GROUNDS. 

The  town  was  first  permanently  settled  in  1752,  as  the  plantation  of 
Fontoosuck,  taking  its  name  from  that  of  the  district,  which  means  the 
"haunt  of  the  winter  deer,"  it  being  the  favorite  hunting-ground  of 
the  Mohegan  Indians  in  winter.  It  was  incoii)orated  in  17G1,  by  the 
name  of  Pittsfield,  in  honor  of  the  great  English  statesman  who  had 
been  earnest  in  defending  it  against  the  French  and  Indians. 

The  "  Maplewood  Young  Ladies  Institute"  has  a  classic  location, 
with  grounds  as  fine  as  those  of  Yale  or  Harvard.     We  present  a  cut 

85 


of  Maple  Avenue,  as  furnislied  by  our  fiiencl  the  Principal,  Eev. 
Charles  Y.  Spear.  The  Institution  has  been  known  for  years  not  only 
to  Berkshire  and  Eastern  Massachusetts,  but  throughout  New  England 
and  the  Middle  States,  as  one  of  the  best  conducted  and  most  flourish- 
ing in  the  Country,  "  Maple  wood  Hall"  is  opened  this  season  for 
summer  guests,  and  furnishes  a  home  mth  every  convenience.  The 
rooms  are  amjjle  and  newly  furnished,  and  windows  and  piazzas  afford 
extensive    and  charming  views.        The  large   Gymnasium,    with  its 


BEBKSHIEE   LIFE   INSURANCE    COMPANY. 

swings  and  bowling  alleys,  is  also  open  to  the  guests  of  the  Hall  dur- 
ing the  vacation  of  the  school.  Horses  and  carriages,  including  the 
somewhat  famous  Maplewood  Omnibus,  furnish  facilities  for  drives, 
picnics  or  mountain  excursions. 

86 


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A  Perfect  Adonis. 


A  i)owerful  new  novel,  by  the  anther  of  Kutledfre — The  Sutherlands — St.  Philips — 
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mie's  Temptation — Huby  s  Husband — Empty  Heart — At  Last — Jessamine. 


Ten  Old  Maids. 

"Five  of  them  "Wise,  and  Five  of  them  Foo'ish.  "    A   sparkling  new  novel,  by  Mrs. 
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Manfred. 

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Ecce  Feniina; 


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Mary  Brandegee. 


Pickwick  Papers. 


Ey  Charles  Diclcens.    The  elegant  new  edition,  known  as  "Carleton's  New  Illustrated 
Ediiion."    '^^-^  Price  i  1.50. 

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O.    W.    e.^KLEXOrV    &    eo..    I»iil>li^liei-s, 

MADISOX   SQVAKE,  XE^V  YOKK. 


ATTRACTIVE  NEW  BOOKS. 


West  Lawn. 

The  arreat  American  novel  of  the  year,  ''s*  Price  §1.50.  By  Mary  J.  Holmes,  autlior 
•yi  the  followiug  excellent  and  popular  novels  : 

Tempest  and  Siinahine,  Ciisiii  Maude.  Eose  Mather, 

English  Orphans,  Marian  Gray,  Etlielyn's  Mistake, 

Homestead  on  Hillside,  Ei1na  Browuinjr,  Millbank, 

'Lena  Rivers,  Hueh  Worthington,  Darkness  and  Daylight, 

Meadow  Brook,  Cameron  Pride,'  West  Lawn.     {new). 

Dora  Deane,  

Artemus  Ward. 

An  entirely  new  stereotyped  edition  of  the  complete  "Works  of  Artemtis  Ward,  contain- 
ing an  excellent  portrait  of  the  great  American  HnmorisT — a  carefnlly  prepared  Sketch  of 
ins  Life,  and  more  than  50  pages  01  his  fugitive  writings  nev<^r  belore  printed  in  booklorm. 
Four  volumes  iu  one,  with  50  comic  illustrations.    "^'^^  Price  $2.00, 


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A  Woman  in  Armor. 

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St.  Elmo. 

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cessful novels  ever  written— Beulah — Inez — Macaria — Vashti,  etc.    *^*  Price  Sl.TS. 

!^p^  Miss  Evans'  new  novel,  Infelice,  is  in  rapid  preparation,  and  will  be  published 
very  soon.  


David  Copperfleld. 


By  Charles  Dickens— the  elegant  new  edition,  known  as  "Carleton's  New  Hlustrated 
Edition."    ^,.*  Price  $1.50.  

l^p^  These  books  are  all  beautifully  printed  and  bound.    Sold  everywhere — and  sent 
by  mail,  postage  free,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

O.  TF-   OAl^LlilXOlV    ^j:    00.,  FiilblisUers, 

MADIiSOX  SQUAKE,  ^T.W  YORK. 


The  Hall  is  now  under  the  efficient  management  of  Mr.  E.  F.  Car- 
ter. In  the  micbt  of  this  beautiful  park,  w-ith  its  elms  and  maples, 
of  fifty  years,  it  cannot  fail  to  receive  a  generous  patronage.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  views  here  given,  we  call  attention  to  the  grounds  of  Maple- 
wood,  as  presented  on  the  Hudson  River  map. 

We  have  also  been  furnished  with  a  fine  cut  of  the  Berkshire  Life 
Insurance  Company,  situated  in  the  business  and  financial  centre  of 
the  town.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest,  safest,  and  most  prosperous  in  the 
Country.  The  Building  is  occupied  by  the  officers  of  t'he  Company,  by 
tvro  National  banks,  one  Savings  bank,  with  fire  and  bur jlar-proof  safes 
for  each,  the  post-office  and  telegraph;  the  upj^er  story  is  occupied  by 
Masonic  bodies.  A  little  way  from  the  main  street  the  house  is  still 
standing,  but  somewhat  modified,  where  Longfellow  married  his  vdie. 
He  also  took  the  "  old  clock  "  to  Cambridge. 

"A  little  back  fmm  the  v  illage  street, 
Stands  an  old-fashioned  country  seat, 
Across  whose  antique  portico 
Tall  poplar  trees  their  shadows  throw." 

One  could  easily  write  a  *'  book  "  about  Pittsfield.  It  is  the  centre 
of  wealth,  and  refinement. 

Bryant,  Hawthorn,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Longfellow,  the  Sedge- 
wicks,  Fanny  Kemble.  and  Melville  are  a  few  of  the  names  that  are  as- 
sociated with  this  beautiful  town.  Monument  Mountain,  Greylock, 
the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  Lebanon  Springs,  thf  Shakers',  AVilliams  College, 
Lenox  and  Stockbridge  are  all  within  easy  drive.  In  fact,  the  pleasant- 
est  drive  we  have  had  for  many  a  day  was  this  present  season  of  1874, 

"  In  the  leafy  month  of  June," 

from  Pittsfield  to  Lebanon  Springs,  at  the  invitation  of  ^Mr.  James 
W.  Hull.  The  mountain  road  was  a  little  rough,  but  like  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Pilgrims,  we  beguiled  the  way  with  poetry  of  the  olden 
time,  until  there  suddenly  burst  upon  us  a  vision  of  beauty,  equal 
to  anything  which  Chaucer  or  Spencer  ever  dreamed, — the  County 
of  Columbia  at  our  feet,  reaching  away  to  the  Catskills. 

87  ^ 


pittsfieLd,  mass. 

CEBnA     QUACKENBUSH,    Froprietor. 


*  — >»  I 


Pleasantly  located  midway  the  main  street  of  the  most  delightful 


lo-vvn  or  village  of  Berkshire. 


A  convenient  Hotel  for  Tourists  or  Business  Travelers. 


Free  Omnibuses  to  and  from  the  Cars. 


DELAWARE  AND   HUDSON   CANAL   COMPANY. 

Albany  and  Susquehanna  Depabtment. — There  are  feAv  railroads  in 
our  country  that  possess  for  so  many  miles  such  variety  and  interest  as 
the  Albany  and  Susquehanna.  All  the  way  from  Albany  to  Bingham  ton 
the  hills  and  valleys,  the  streams,  rivulets,  and  rivers  form  a  succession 
of  beautiful  landscapes,  framed  in  the  moving  panorama  of  a  car  ^\-indoAv. 
The  railroad  follows  the  valleys  of  three  streams — the  Schoharie,  the 
Cobleskill,  and  the  Susquehanna. 

Leaving  Albany  we  pass  through  the  little  villages  and  stations  of 
Adamsville,  Slingerlands,  New  Scotland,  Guilderland,  Knowersville, 
Duanesburgh,  Quaker  Street,  Esperance,  and  come  to  Central  Bridge, 
thirty-six  miles  from  Albany,  the  junction  with  the  branch  road  for 
Schoharie  Court-House  and  Middleburgh.  Schoharie  village,  the  county 
seat,  is  situated  on  Schoharie  Flats.  First  settlement  made  in  1711. 
Population  about  fifteen  hundred.  The  old  stone  church,  erected  in 
1772,  is  now  used  as  an  arsenal.  Three  miles  fi'om  Central  Bridge,  or 
thirty-nine  miles  from  Albany,  is  the  celebrated 

Howe's  Cave,  dit^covered  on  the  22d  May,  1812,  by  Lesttr  Howe. 
In  interest  and  extent  it  is  second  only  to  the  great  Mammoth  Cave  of 
Kentucky,  and  presents,  in  truth,  a  new  world  of  beauty,  with  arches 
and  walls  reaching  away  for  miles,  of  which  perhaps  the  half  is  only 
discovered.  Among  the  prominent  points  of  'interest  in  the  cave  are 
the  following,  as  named  by  Mr.  Howe: — 

*' Reception,  or  Lecture  Boom,"  "Washington  HaU,"  "Bridal 
Chamber,"  (temperature  iS  deg.  Fall.),  where  many  have  been  nuja- 
tually  tied,  including  the  two  daughters  of  the  discoverer;  "The 
Chai?el,"  some  forty  feet  high;  "Harlequin  Tunnel,"  "  Cataract  Hall," 
"  Ghost  Room,  or  Haunted  Castle,"  "Music  Hall,"  "  Stygian,  or  Crystal 
Lake."  At  the  foot  of  the  lake  there  are  several  gas-burners,  giving 
the  visitor  a  beautiful  view  of  that  portion  of  the  cave  and  lake,  and  the 
side  grotto  near  by.     From  thence  visitors  proceed  by  boats  across  the 

89 


lake  to  *' Plymouth  Eock,"  and  from  thence  continue  the  journey  to 
the  "  Devil's  Gateway,"  "  The  Museum,"  "  Geological  Rooms,"  "  Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin,"  "  Giants'  Study,"  "  Pirates'  Cave,"  "Rocky  Mountains," 
"Valley  of  Jehoshaphat, "  "Winding  Way,"  and  "  Rotunda."  There  are 
the  usual  formations,  known  as  "Stalagmites  "  and  "  Stalactites, " many 
of  them  singular  in  form  and  variety.  In  Washington  Hall  are  two, 
named  "  Lady  W"asliington's  Hood  "  and  "  Washington's  Epaulet;"  and 
beyond  these  are  "The  Harp,"  and  numberless  others.  At  the  head 
and  foot  of  the  lake  there  are  two  large  stalagmites,  the  former  large 
enough  to  fill  the  entire  body  of  the  cave,  which  has  made  it  necessary 
to  excavate  an  artificial  passage  around  it.  These  are  among  the  most 
wonderful  formations  in  the  cave,  and  of  particular  interest  to  the  geo- 
logical and  scientific  student. 

We  are  only  able  to  mark  out  the  route  in  this  hasty  manner.  To 
speak  of  all  the  objects  of  interest  would  draw  us  aside  from  the  pur- 
pose of  a  general  guide.  The  "  Cave  House  "  is  a  fine  hotel,  recently 
erected  at  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and  the  wants  of  the  tourist  and  ex- 
plorer will  be  carefully  attended  to.  Every  one  should  visit  Howe's 
Gave,  and  see  these  real  Arabian  Night  beauties,  so  near  the  capital  of 
the  Empire  State. 

The  next  station  is  Cobleskill,  forty-five  miles  from  Albany.  This 
rich  and  fertile  valley  was  called  by  the  Indians  Ots-ga-ra-ga.  The 
village  is  thriving  and  flourishing.  Smith's  "  National  Hotel  "  is  one 
of  the  best  on  the  route,  and  decidedly  the  best  in  the  place.  This  is 
also  the  junction  of  the  Cherry  Valley  Branch,  which  passes  through 
Hyndsville,  Seward,  and  Sharon  Springs. 

Sharon  Spkings  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  satisfactory  summer 
resorts.  The  village  is  splendidly  located — as  we  said  years  ago,  on 
our  first  visit — in  a  valley  on  a  hill.  The  streets  are  well  shaded.  There 
are  nine  large  hotels,  always  full.  One  of  the  pleasantest  of  these — in 
location  and  every  point  of  comfort — is  the  "  Union,"  a  cut  of  which  is 
here  given.     The  cool  and  shaded  verandahs,  the  large  and  well-fur- 

90 


nislied  rooms,  and  every  laxury  in   its  season,  combine  to  make  it  a 
pleasant  place  to  sj^end  a  summer  season. 

The  picturesque  scenery  of  Sharon  and  environs,  and  the  beautiful 
park  promenades  and  drives,  have  made  this  summer  resort  one  of  the 
most  frequented  in  the  United  States.  The  Sulphur,  Magnesia,  and 
Chalybeate  Springs  have  a  fine  reputation  for  the  cure  of  cutaneous 
diseases.  Since  the  completion  of  the  Branch  Railroad  from  CobleskiU 
it  is  very  easy  of  access, — only  two  hours  from  Albany  ma  the  pleasant 
drawing-room  coaches  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  Department. 


UNION      HAXL,    SHARON    SPEINGS,  N.  Y. 

Charles  Schwarz,  Proprietor. 

Cheeey  Valley. — The  next  station  to  Sharon  is  Cberry  Valley,  a 
pleasant  town  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Otsego  County;  a-nd  from  this 
point  a  stage-line  connects  with  Eichneld  Springs,  ^nd  its.  long-estab- 
lished and  popular  hotel,  the  "American  House."  Returning  to 
CobleskiU  we  pui'sue  our  route  westward  on  the  main  line  of  the  Albany 
and  Susquehanna;  and  we  pass  through  Richmondville,  lying  in  a  val- 
ley on  our  left;  then  East  Worcester,  Worcester,  Schenevus,  and  Mary- 
land, to  the  junction  of  the  Cooperstown  and  Susquehanna  Valley 
Railroad  for  Portlandsville,  Milford,  Clinton,  Phoenix,  and 

Cooperstown,  one  of  the  pleasantest  villages  in  New  York,  and  one 

91 


of  the  classic  points  of  our  country.  It  is  situated  on  the  shore  of 
Otsego,  a  beautiful  lake,  ■woithy  of  being  the  fountain-head  of  the 
bright  flowing  Susquehanna.  Every  one  who  has  read  ' '  The  Deer- 
slayer  "  or  "  The  Pioneer  "  knows  something  of  its  beauty.  The  name 
Otsego  signifies  "  friendly  gi-eeting, "  from  the  fact  that  a  small  rock 
near  the  shore  was  a  rendezvous  where  the  tribes  were  wont  to  assemble; 
and  its  name  is  still  significant  to  the  touiist  and  traveler,  for  the 
*' Cooper  House  "  is  indeed  a  place  of  "friendly  greeting,"  and  has  for 
its  motto  the  old  Scotch  proverb,  "  Welcome  the  coming,  and  speed  the 


S      a      l\      ilTl     B      h      n 


COOPER    HOUSE,   COOPEESTOWX,   N^.  T. 

{Foot  of  Otsego  L:ikf.) 
Coleman  &  Maxwell,  Proprietors. 


parting.''  In  the  hands  of  its  j)resent  pojiular  proj^rietors — William  B. 
Coleman,  of  the  "New  York  Hotel,"  and  Albert  Maxwell,  late  sui^erin- 
tendent  of  the  "Union  Chib," — it  has  won  the  first  position  as  a  place 
of  summer  resort.  The  hotel  is,  in  every  particular,  one  of  the  finet't. 
and  best-furnished  in  the  United  States.  It  stands  on  the  highest 
ground  in  the  village — 80  feet  above  the  lake,  1200  feet  above  the  sea — 
and  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  park  of  over  seven  acres,  handsomely 
planted  with  shade-trees;  and  with  croquet,  ball,  and  archery  grounds 


within  the  inclosure.  The  internal  arrangements  of  the  house  are  com- 
plete with  all  the  modern  improvements,  including  bells,  gas  in  every 
room,  hot  and  cold  baths,  &c. 

There  are  also  desirable  cottages,  containing  six,  twelve,  and  twenty- 
two  rooms  each. 

The  surroundings  of  Cooperstown  are  delightful  in  every  particular, 
and  there  are  fine  drives  in  every  direction.  Mount  Vision,  a  little  to 
the  north,  overlooks  the  village;  and  still  further  to  the  north  is  Pros- 
pect C'liff.  Otsego  Lake,  like  Lake  Mahopac,  is  literally  surrounded 
with  beauty;  and,  like  Irvington  or  Tarrytown,  Cooperstown  is  one  of 
the  literary  Meccas  of  our  country.  It  is  the  place  to  read  the  works 
of  Cooper;  for,  in  reading  them,  we  are  here  surrounded  by  the  same 
inspiration  which  produced  them.  In  his  ' •' Deerslayer  "  we  have  the 
finest  description  of  the  lake  and  surrounding  hills.  "  On  a  level  with 
the  point  lay  a  broad  sheet  of  water,  so  placid  and  limpid  that  it  re- 
sembled a  hed  of  the  pure  mountain  nfifmosp^ere  compressed  into  a  setting 
of  hills  and  woods .  At  its  northern  or  nearest  end  it  was  bounded  by 
an  isolated  mountain;  lower  land  falling  ojff  east  and  west,  gracefully 
relieving  the  sweep  of  the  outline;  still  the  character  of  the  country 
was  mountainous;  high  hills  or  low  mountains  rising  abruptly  from  the 
water  on  quite  nine-tenths  of  its  circuit.  But  the  most  striking  pecu- 
Harity  of  the  scene  were  its  solemn  solitude  and  sweet  repose.  On  all 
sides,  wherever  the  eye  turned,  nothing  met  it  but  the  mirror-like  sur- 
face of  the  lake,  the  placid  view  of  heaven,  and  the  dense  setting  of 
woods.  So  rich  and  fleecy  were  the  outlines  of  the  forest,  that  the 
whole  visible  earth,  from  the  rounded  mountain-top  to  the  water's  edge 
presented  one  unvaried  hue  of  unbroken  verdures."  The  same  points 
still  exist  which  "Leather  Stocking "  then  saw.  There  is  the  same 
beauty  of  verdure  along  the  hills,  and  the  sun  still  glints  as  brightly  as 
then  the  ripples  of  the  clear  water.  There  are  some  things  that  are 
constant  even  upon  earth,  and  surely  the  unchanging  stars  should  have 
a  changeless  mirror!  Cooper  himself  says  in  the  preface,  "Even  the 
points  exist,  a  little  altered  by  civilization,  but  so  nearly  answering  to 
the  description  as  to  be  easily  recognized  by  all  who  are  familiar  with 
the  scenery  of  this  particular  region." 

93 


Hotel  Fenimore,  The  hotels  of  Cooperstown  are  loyal  in  name  to 
the  writer  who  has  made  his  home  iOustrious,  and  the  new  hotel  com- 
l)leted  in  1873,  very  hapily  completes,  in  its  christening,  the  name  of 
Fenimore  Cooper.  The  building  is  a  most  substantial  structure  of  brick 
and  stone,  and  newly  and  completely  fui-nished  throughout.  It  contains 
all  modern  conveniences,  and  in  all  essentials  for  comfort  is  unsurpassed 
by  any  hotel  on  our  route.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  heated  with  steam, 
has  electric  bells,  a  steam  laundry,  and  an  unlimited  supply  of  pure  wa- 


hoteij  fenimore. 

JAMES   BUNYAX,   PROPRIETOR. 

ter.  The  Union  TelegTaph  is  in  the  hotel.  The  beautiful  lake  which 
we  have  just  described  is  within  one  minute's  walk  of  the  hotel,  with 
opportunity  for  yachting,  rowing  and  fishing. 

The  new  steamboat  named  after  the  great  hunter,  "Natty  Bumppo," 
w'ill  run  three  times  a  day  during  the  season,  touching  at  Three  Mile 

94 


Point,  Five  Mile  Point,  and  Springfield  landing,  connecting  with  a  new 
line  of  stages  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  for  Eichfield  Springs  ;  this  makes 
a  route  of  pleasant  interchange  between  the  guests  of  Cooperstown  and 
Richfield  Springs.  From  freqaent  experience  we  can  testify  to  delight- 
ful excui'sions  on  this  beautiful  lake.  The  walks  about  the  hills  are  very 
attractive,  and  we  venture  to  say  that  the  cemetery  has  a  finer  location 
than  any  in  the  country. 

There  are  many  elegant  residences  in  the  village ;  the  house  and 
grounds  of  Mr.  Edward  Clark  are  noted  throughout  the  State.  To  use 
the  words  of  the  old  i)roverb,  the  town  is  at  once  "healthy,  wealthy, 
and  wise,  '  and  it  will  be  profitable  for  every  tourist  to  use  the  words  of 
Mr.  Seward's  oration  of  July  4:th,  1840,  "Ihave  desired  to  see  for  my- 
self the  valleys  of  Otsego,  through  which  the  Susquehanna  extends  his 
arms,  and  entwines  his  fingers  with  the  tributaries  of  the  Mohawk,  as  if 
to  divert  that  gentle  river  from  its  allegiance  to  the  Hudson." 

Eichfield  Spmngs,  Of  all  routes  to  this  popular  summer  resort, 
there  is  none  so  picturesque  and  pleasant  as  this  ma  Cooperstown  and 
Otsego  Lake.  Of  course  persons  in  a  hurry  will  take  a  drawing-room 
coach  at  the  New  York  Grand  Central  Depot,  and  in  eight  hours  with- 
out change  of  cars  find  themselves  on  the  pleasant  verandas  of  the 
"  Spring  House."  This  Hotel,  the  finest  in  Richfield  Springs,  is  now  in 
the  liands  of  Mr.  Proctor,  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Baggs'  Hotel,  Utica. 

Returning  now  to  the  main  line  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, we  can  pursue  our  western  journey  through  Collier's  and  Em- 
mons', to  Oneonta,  one  of  the  most  stirring  villages  on  the  route.  The 
next  station  is  Otego.  From  this  point  stages  connect  with  the  pleasant 
village  of  Franklin,  passing  through  Wells'  Bridge,  Unadilla,  Sidney 
(with  its  branch  road  to  Delhi),  Afton,  and  Harpersville,  we  come  to  the 
Tunnel,  127  miles  from  New  York.  Then  passing  through  Osborn  Hol- 
low and  Port  Crane,  we  come  to  Bingham  ton,  and  complete  the  equila- 
teral triangle — New  York,  Albany,  and  Binghamton.  It  is  a  flourishing 
city  of  16,000  inhabitants,  and  has  complete  railway  connections  with  the 
Erie,  the  Delaware,  Lackawana  and  Western,  and  Syracuse  and  Bingham- 
ton railways.  The  best  hotel  is  the  "  Spaulding  House, "  only  a  short 
distance  from  the  depot. 

95 


BALLSTON  SPA  ARTESIAN  LITHIA  SPRING. 


The  water  of  this  remarkable  Spring  is  shown  by  analysis  to  be  twice  as  rich  in  vabiable 
Remedial  Agents  as  any  otlier  water  found  in  Saratoga  County,  and  to  surpass  in  excellence 
all  the  Waters  found  in  other  parts  of  the  United  btaies.  Flowing  from  a  depth  of  six  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet,  through  a  tube  bored  into  the  solid  ruck,  it  is  not  diluted  or  contaminated 
by  surface  water,  as  is  generally  the  case  with  shallow  springs. 

Its  medical  properties  partake  of  the  most  celebrated  Springs  of  the  world,  and  in  fact 
combine  the  ingredients  of  ail  the  principal  ones  in  Eiin^pe  and  America.  It  is  very  strongly 
impregnated  with  that  viiliuible  miner<d,  Lithia.  nhir/i  ii  tso  effectual  in  dissolviiKj  the  Chalk, 
or  Limestone  and  Urate,  deposits  in  EuErMATiSM,  Goct  and  Gkavkl,  and  has  been  success- 
fully used  by  hundreds  in  these  diseases,  with  quick  and  tilling  effect ;  as  also  in  Kidney  Dis- 
ease, Liver  Complaint.  Catakrii.  Dtspei'sia,  Bilioiisne.ss  AciniTY  of  the  Stomach,  Con- 
stipation and  Piles,  and  has  proved  itself  a  perfiit  p.anacea  for  these  difliculties. 

The  large  quantities  of  Lithia,  Bromine,  and  Iodine  which  it  contains,  specially  recommend 
it  to  the  attention  of  every  Physician. 


ANALYSIS   BY   PROF.   C.  F.   CHANDLER,    PH.   D. 


Chloride  of  Sodium 7rin.0.'',0  irrains. 

Chloride  of  Potassium 3:3.270  '• 

Bromide  of  Sodium 3. (US  " 

lodiile  of  Sodium 0.124  " 

Fluoride  of  Calcium tiace. 

Bicarbonate  of  Lithia 7.7oO  " 

Bicarbonate  of  Soda 1I.92S  " 

Bicarbonate  of  Masrnesia 1S0.602  " 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime 238.156  ''• 

Bicarbonate  of  Strontia O.S67  " 

Bicarbonate  of  Baryta 8.SSI  " 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron L5S1  " 

School  of  Mines,  Co/iimhiti  College,  X.  Y.,  . 


Sulphate  of  Potassa. 
Phosphate  of  Soda.., 

Biborate  of  Soda 

Alumina 

Silica 

OrKanic  Matter 


0.520 
0.050 

trace. 
0.077 
0.761 

trace. 


Total  per  gall.  (231  cubic  in.).  1233  246 


Carbonic  Acid  Gas. 

Density 

Temperature 

April  21,  1863. 


426.114 

1.0159 

52 


cub.  in. 
deg.  F. 


For  the  benefit  of  t^iose  wh(»  are  not  acquainted  with  the  richness  of  the  different  Springs, 
we  give  a  Statement  of  the  quantity  of  mineral  matter  contained  in  one  gallon  of  Water  of 
the  Si)rings  which  claim  to  be  the  most  effective  in  disease: — 


Ballstou  Artesian' 

LUliia  Spriug...  1233. 246  grains. 

Congress    Spring  567.943      •' 

Empire  Spring 496.352       " 

High  Rock  Spring 628.038      " 


Star  Sj'ring 615.685  grain? 

Seltzer  Spring 401.680       " 

Excelsior...."^ 514.746      " 

Gettysburgh  Katalysine 266.930      " 


The  Water  is  carefully  and  securely  bottled,  and  packed  in  boxes  of  four-dozen  Pints,  and 
will  bear  transportation  to  any  part  of  the  world. 

To  prevent  imposition,  the  corks  are  marked  thus:  Artesian  Spring  Co.,  Ball- 
ston,  N.  Y. 


Address, 


ARTESIAN   I.ITIIIA   SPRING   CO., 

Ballstoii  Spa.,  N.  Y. 


NIAGAKA  FALLS,  AND   THE  NEW  YOEK   CENTRAL 

RAILROAD. 

At  tlie  unveiling  of  Shakespeare's  monument  in  Central  Park,  William 
Cullen  Bryant  said,  What  Niagara  is  to  other  waterfalls  Shakespeare  is 
to  other  poets.  In  the  converse  of  this  sentence  we  have  a  happy  ex- 
pression of  Niagara's  greatness  and  grandeur,  for  it  is  in  truth  the 
crowning  glory  of  our  continent. 

The  route  from  Albany  is  via  "The  New  York  Central,"  one  of  the 
bcst-apj)ointed  railroads  in  our  country;  furnished  with  Wagner's  ele- 
gant drawing-room  cars  and  Pullman  coaches.  There  are  five  through 
trains  from  New  York  to  Niagara  Falls;  and  this  route  combines  speed 
Avith  the  greatest  comfort.  In  fact,  our  times  have  outgrown  the  in- 
conveniences of  travel.  The  dream  of  Arabian  fancy  is  realized.  These 
sumptuous  saloons  remind  one  of  the  "enchanted  carpet"  which  wafted 
the  traveler  from  place  to  j)lace. 

Leaving  the  domes  of  the  river-crowned  capital  behind  us,  we  pass 
through  Schenectady,  Fonda,  Palatine  Bridge,  Fort  Plain,  and  places 
of  minor  interest,  and  come  to  Little  Falls,  the  head  centre  of  Herkimer 
cheese.  Here  the  gentle  Mohawk  of  the  poet  rushes  through  a  rock 
channel  of  remarkable  formation,  and  we  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  writer  of 

"  How  sweet  is  the  vale  where  the  Mohawk  gently  glides" 

was  not  a  native  of  Herkimer.  We  get,  from  the  car  window,  quite  a 
good  view  of  the  river  and  its  rocky  channel.  A  few  miles  further 
bring  us  to 

Utica — the  first  express  station — ninety-five  miles  from  Albany.  This, 
in  continental  days,  was  the  site  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  and  now  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  towns  in  Central  New  York.  It  is  the  landing-place 
for  Trenton  Falls  and  Richfield  Springs.  The  attractions  in  and  about 
Utica  will  well  repay  an  extended  visit. 

The  Utica  and  Black  River  Railroad,  from  Utica  to  Clayton  has 
opened  uj)  a  route  to  the  North  woods,  and  the  Thousand  Islands  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  making  this  one  of  the  pleasantest  routes  to  this  attractive 

97 


country.  Persons  on  the  way  to  Trenton  Falls  or  Eiclifield  Springs  will 
find  Baggs'  Hotel  (a  cut  of  which  is  here  given),  by  far  the  pleasantest 
and  most  convenient.  It  has  long  been  known  as  the  best  in  Utica,  or 
on  the  line  of  the  Central  Railroad.  Tourists  who  fail  to  connect  with 
trains,  or  who  wish  to  rest  a  few  hours  in  comfort,  will  find  themselves 
in  the  hands  of  courteous  and  gentlemanly  proj)rietors.  Mr.  Procter 
of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Chamberlain  of  the  Delavan  House,  Albany,  and 
the  Clarendon  Saratoga  Springs.  It  is  only  a  few  steps  from  the 
station,  and  does  away  with  an  Omnibus,  that  last  relic  of  barbarism. 


baggs'  hotel. 
Proctor  &.  Ciiamheulain,  Proprietors 
Treitton  Falls.  ^Taking  the  Utica  and  Black  River  Railroad,  six- 
teen miles  bring  us  to  Trenton  Falls,  one  of  the  most  cliarming  and 
romantic  summer  resorts  on  the  continent.  For  the  last  ten  years  we 
have  heard  of  these  beautiful  waterfalls,  located  in  what  Willis  has 
styled  an  "  alcove,"  aside  from  the  main  line  of  travel,  «'  fifteen  miles 
at  right  angles  from  the  general  procession,  a  side  scene  out  of  ear- 
shot from  the  crowd,"  but  it  was  not  until  the  middle  of  June,  1874, 
that  good  fortune  conducted  us  thither,  and  led  us  by  the  hand  from 
rock  to  rock,  from  cascade  to  waterfall,  through  all  that  realm  of  en- 
chanting beauty.     The  hotel,  a  short  distance  from  this  mountain  glen, 

98 


is  a  model  of  summer  resorts,  and  its  proprietor,  Mr.  M.  Moore,  is  an 
educated  gentleman.  The  first  rural  resort  of  tliis  place  was  built  by 
Mr.  John  Sherman,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  1793.     Hither  some  forty  years 


Cv    \   V     "H 


SHEEMAN   FAJjIi. 


ago  Mr.  Moore,  present  proprietor,  came  like  Hiawatha  of  old,  and 
found  his  Minnehaha,  great  grand-daughter  of  Eoger  Sherman,  a  line 
more  illustrious  even  than  the  tribe  of  the  Dakotahs.  It  is  said  that  on 
his  return  to  Manhattan  he  was  not  unmindful  of  the  vision,  and  always 
heard  the  Falls  of  Trenton 

"  Calling  to  bim  tlirough  the  distance, 

Calling  to  him  from  afar  oft"."' 

So  much  for  his  personal  history,  which  we  only  mention  as  evidence 
that  fiction  is  but  the  shadow  of  truth.  We  arrived  at  Trenton  a  little 
before  six,  and  at  once  descended  the  stairs  to  the  natural  pavement, 
which  for  two  miles,  level  with  the  water's  edge,  borders  the  left  side 
of  the  stream.  This  is  the  pleasantest  hour  of  the  day  for  lonely  ram- 
bles like  these,  and  the  falling  water  at  eventide  has  all  the  melody 
of  sadness.  Passing  a  few  rods  up  the  stream,  over  fossil  formation 
which  recount  fifty  milHon  years  of  history,  and  under  overhanging 
rock,  every  leaf  of  whose  folds  has  been  a  recording  page  for  science, 
we  suddenly  come  in  full  view  of  Sherman  Fall.  Here,  it  is  said,  a 
fairy  (perhaps  great  gi'and-daughter  of  Undine)  occasionally  dances 
through  the  mist  "modestly  retiring  as  the  visitor  changes  his  posi- 
tion, and  blushing  all  colors  when  she  finds  him  gazing  at  her  irised 
beauties."     The  Fall  has   been  poetically  styled  by  Mrs.  Kemble, 

*'  The  daughter  of  heaven  and  earth, 

With  dark  eyes,  white  feet,  and  amber  hair." 

In  no  place,  save  the  northern  Highlands  of  Scotland,  have  we  seen 
such  amber  foam,  and  such  dark  headlong  flow  of  river.  The  arrowy 
Rhone  is  not  swifter,  the  Falls  of  Foyers  are  not  so  beautiful.  High 
Falls  are  forty  rods  beyond,  a  succession  of  lovely  cascades,  one  over 
forty  feet  in  height.  Here  we  have  the  whole  organ  choir,  from  tne 
tenor  and  treble  of  the  sheet  of  water  on  the  right,  to  the  deep  bass  of 
the  heavy  fall  on  the  left.  Above  this,  the  Mill  Dam  Fall  and  the 
Alhambra  with  its  cascade,  and  still  further  on  the  Rocky  Heart,  a 
good  spot  for  lovers  to  propose  in  by  way  of  contrast.  We  can  only 
point  out  these  beauties  in  a  general  way.  Even  the  guide  book  of 
N.  P.  Willis,  the  poet  of  descriptive  language,  fails  to  do  Trenton  Falls 
justice,  although  it  is  a  model  handbook  of  its  kind.     It  is  a  place  to 

lOO 


be  visited.  Go!  Pursuing  our  journey  up  the  Black  Eiver  Railroad  we 
jDass  through  Prospect  to  BoonviUe,  a  flourishing  village  thirty-five 
miles  from  Utica.     Here  are  good  hotels,  and  large  numbers  annually 


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go  from  this  point  to  the  Old  Forge  and  Moose  Eiver  lakes,  where  the 
finest  of  fish  and  plenty  of  game  are  fonnd.  Lyons  Falls  is  forty-six 
Miles  from  Utica,  upon  the  border  of  the  Great  Forest. 

LowviLLE,  sixty  miles  from  Utica,  "is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  vil- 
lages in  Northern  New  York,  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  and  well 
cultivated  country.  It  has  large  and  commodious  Hotels,  shady  streets 
and  delightful  drives.  From  this  point  it  is  18  miles  by  a  good  road 
to  Fenton's,  a  good  hotel  in  the  famous  John  Brown's  Tract.  Fishing 
and  hunting  abound,  and  from  Fenton's,  sportsmen  voyage  in  boats 
scores  of  miles  through  rivers  and  beautiful  lakes  situated  in  the  heart 
of  an  unbroken  wilderness." 

Caethage,  seventy-four  miles  from  Utica,  is  celebrated  for  its  water 
power  at  junction  of  the  Carthage,  Waterto'WTi  and  Sackett's  Harbor 
Road,  within  forty-five  minutes  of  Waterto\\Ti. 

Clayton  is  one  hundred  and  nine  miles  from  Utica,  a  delightful  place 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  with  good  hotel  accommodation.  Kingston  is 
twenty-three,  and  Alexandria  Bay  twelve  miles  distant.  All  boats  up 
and  down  the  St.  Lawrence  stop  at  Clayton. 

The  Thousand  Islands,  eighteen  hundred  in  reality — extend  about 
forty  miles,  and  vary  in  size  from  a  few  feet  in  diameter  to  three  hun- 
dred acres.  The  general  average,  we  would  say,  is  about  one  or  two 
acres,  all  beautifully  shaded  and  wooded.  The  idea  of  building  on 
these  islands  was  first  conceived  by  Mr.  George  Pullman,  of  palace-car 
fame,  who,  some  ten  years  ago,  purchased  one  of  these  islands,  and 
erected  thereon  a  temporary  cottage.  In  the  summer  of  1870,  Mr. 
Henry  R.  Heath,  of  New  York  City,  and  Mr.  Charles  S.  Goodwin,  of 
Oneida,  New  York,  purchased  the  first  island  situated  below  Pullman 
Island,  and  known  as  Nobby  Island,  from  a  large  rock  near  the  water's 
edge  resembling  the  knob  of  a  door.  In  the  summer  of  1871  they 
erected  a  modern  Gothic  cottage,  with  docks,  flag-staff,  &c. ,  a  cut  of 
which'  is  here  given.  Now  the  islands,  on  every  side,  are  being  im- 
proved and  built  upon. 

The  Thousand  Islands  is  a  pleasant  spot  in  our  memory.  Here,  in 
the  summer  of  1873,  we  lingered  for  three  days  at  "Nobby,"  and  our 
thoughts  were  full  of  "poetry,  and  such,"  all  the  time.     We  thought 


Oi  Miranda,  although  she  wasn't  along  ;  of  Enoch  Ai'den  ;  Alexander 
Selku'k  ;  Helen  Douglas,  and  twenty  other  island  homes. 

There  is  probably  no  river  or  lake  in  the  world  more  romantic  and 
delio-htful  than  this  section  of  the  St.  Lawrence;  and  we  imagine  these 
islands  furnish  a  good  foundation  for  a  rural  Venice.  During  the  sum- 
mer of  1872,  President  Grant  and  family,  General  Phil.  Sheridan,  &c., 
were  domiciled  nearest  neighbors  to  Nobby  Island. 


NOBBY   ISLANB. 

The  Crossmon  House  is  the  pleasantest,  best  kc^t,  and  most  pojDular 
hotel  at  Alexandria  Bay,  in  fact  the  pleasantest  on  the  St.  Lawrence 
rivor  from  Lake  Ontario  to  Montreal.  It  has  accomodations  for  over 
80J  guests,  is  lighted  throughout  with  gas,  supplied  with  pure  river 
water  ( as  poetic  as  that  of  Lake  Katrine,  which  sujiplies  the  city  of 
Glasgow,)  with  electric  bells,  and  admirably  finished  from  rocky  foun- 
dation to  mansard  roof.  The  excellence  of  its  table  has  been  known 
for  30  years,  when  it  was  only  a  fishing  resort  "  A  cottage  by  the  Bay." 
Tom  Moore's  Canadian  Boat  Song  '' Row  Brothers  row,"  and  several 
minor  poets  have  localized   many   an   island,    from    "Harts,"   to  the 

"Devil's  Oven." 

104 


Eeturning  to  Utica  from  our  pleasant  excursion  to  Trenton  Falls  and 
the  Thousand  Islands,  we  resume  our  western  route,  passing  through 
Borne,  Oneida,  Chittenango,  and  Manlius,  to 

Syeacose,  14S  miles  from  Albany,  the  most  flourishing  and  enterpris- 
ing town  of  central  New  York.  The  Vanderbilt  House,  a  cut  of  which 
is  here  given,  is  the  finest  hotel  in  the  city. 

It  is  centrally  located,  and  first-class  in  all  its  appointments,  popular  a- 
like  with  toarist  and  business  traveler.     Syracuse  is  the  center  of  the 


VANDEEBZLT   HOUSE. 
JOHN  L.   COOK,  JOHN  L.   COOK,  JR..   AND  AUSTIN  D.   COOK,   PKOPRIETORS. 

salt  interest  of  the  State.  The  principal  railroad  connections  are  with 
Binghamton  and  Oswego.  Here  also  the  New  York  Central  Bailroad 
diverges,  familiarly  known  as  the  old  and  new  roads  ;  the  old  road  passes 
through  Geneva,  connecting  with  steamer  for  Watkins'  Glen,  the  new 
road  passes  through  Clyde,  Lyons,  and  Palmyra,  meeting  again  at 

BocHESTEK,  229  miles  from  Albany,  the  finest  city  of  Western  New 
York,  and,  in  many  particulars,  the  finest  in  the  State.  As  we  come  into 
the  city  we  cross  the  Genesee  river,  just  above  the  Genesee  Falls,  where 
Sam  Patch  made  the  last  extempore  efibrt  of  his  life.  The  Genesee  has 
a  fine  water  power,  and  the  falls  once  famished  successful  inspiration  to 
one  of  Daniel  Webster's  celebrated  speeches.     The  best  hotel  is  the 

105 


"Osbom  House,"  centrally  located,  in  fact  it  has  a  reputation  second 
to  none  from  New  York  to  Chicago.  Passing  through  Brockport,  Al- 
bion, Medina,  and  Lockport,  we  come  to 

Suspension  Bridge,  304  miles  from  Albany,  the  first  great  enterprise 
of  the  New  World  ;  for,  without  being  personal,  there  was  certainly  "a 
great  gulf  fixed  ' '  between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  until  one  day 
a  little  kite-string  drew  a  wire  across  the  chasm,  and  the  wire  grew  and 
multiplied  until  the  spider-like  art  hung  a  thousand  tons  in  equipoise. 
Two  miles  now  bring  us  to 

Niagara  FALiiS,  and,  making  our  way  through  throngs  of  porters  and 
carriages,  whose  clamor  drowns  evexn  the  roar  of  the  waters,  we  soon 


'■'•niijiiu 

nil 


INTERNATIONAL  HOTEL. 
G^LE  &  FULLER,    PROPRIETORS. 

find  ourselves  safely  and  quietly  located  in  the  pleasant  rooms  of  the 
''International," — appropriately  named,  for  scenery  like  Niagara,  even 
if  Canada  were  a  part  of  our  country,  could  never  belong  to  one  nation 
or  people.  It  is  Intematixynal.  It  belongs  to  the  world.  This  hotel, 
under  the  supervision  of  James  T.  Fulton,  has  won  a  wide  reputation 
for  civility  and  attention  to  travelers. 

During  the  last  winter  it  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Daniel 
Gale,  whose  reputation  is  almost  world-wide  as  the  original  proprietor 
of  the  Fort  William  Henry  Hotel,  Lake  George.     It  is  the  largest  and 

io6 


most  pleasantly  situated  at  Niagara,  having  ample  accommodation  for 
over  five  hundred  guests.  It  has  been  thoroughly  re-fitted,  and  is  im- 
surpassed  for  comfort,  location,  and  scenery  ;  railroad,  steamboat,  and 
telegraph  ofiices  in  the  building.  A  fine  cut  of  the  building  is  here 
given,  furnished  by  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Henry  Morford,  whose  hand- 
books on  American  and  European  travel  are  favorably  known  on  eitber 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

We  plso  take  pleasure  in  introducing  the  Spencer  House  to  our  read- 
ers, well  known  to  Niagara  visitors  by  many  years  of  successful  mauMge- 
ment.     It  has  received  from  all  parties  the  highest  testimonials  for  ex- 


—  "     M.Y.BiJB£A{l  Of  liXuSTtiATlON-BUFf^La- 

SPENCER   HOUSE. 
A.   CLUCK,   PROPBIETOB. 

treme  neatness  and  excellence  of  table.  Charles  Dickens  said  he  got  the 
best  roast  beef  here  that  he  had  found  since  leaving  England.  In  fact, 
the  hotel  has  been  singularly  fortunate  in  receiving  encomiums  fri  m 
distinguished  travelers.  Wilkie  Collins  remarked,  ''it  was  not  a  h(jtcl, 
but  a  home ; "  and  Clara  Louisa  Kellogg  testifies  to  the  excellence  of 
the  viands  by  always  remaining  over  a  day  whenever  she  is  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  falls. 

107 


Every  room  in  the  house,  although  new,  has  already  its  traditions  of 
the  maDj  illustrious  peoj)le  who  have  sojourned  therein.  The  house  is 
open  at  all  times  of  the  year,  and  in  the  winter  season  large  parties  now 
come  from  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  sure  of  good  care,  and  of  taking 
Niagara  at  its  best.  The  hotel  is  largely  patronized  by  Philadelphia 
and  Boston  ;  of  late  years  many  from  New  York  have  taken  rooms. 

We  are  happy  also  to  state  that  the  proprietors  of  both  of  these  hotels 
were  among  the  first  to  inaugurate  a  new  system  of  things  at  Niagara. 
Many  people  have  been  deterred  from  visiting  Niagara  by  fear  of  impo- 
sition, and  until  this  season  their  fears  have  been  well  founded  :  now, 
like  Hamlet  to  the  players,  *' they  have  reformed  it  altogether. "  The 
ti'ue  friends  of  the  business  interests  of  Niagara  have  issued  a  paper,  or 
journal,  highly  sj)oken  of  by  the  New  York  Press,  known  as  the  Ki((g<(ra 
Falls  Ttegister,  with  Mr.  S.  S.  Southworth  manager.  Visitors  will  find 
this  on  the  cars  before  reaching  Niagara,  and  will  find  a  protecting  in- 
terest in  the  columns  of  the  paper,  in  fact,  one  column  will  be  devoted 
to  visitors,  giving  information  what  to  see  and  what  to  avoid. 

During  the  last  two  years  the  surroundings  of  the  falls  have  been 
greatly  improved  on  the  American  side,  and  a  fine  park  enclosed,  and 
laid  out  in  walks.  It  was  quite  the  thing  to  do,  and  the  improvement 
is  worth  more  than  the  extra  quarter  the  owner  demands.  It  is  now 
secure,  even  for  children  and  absent-minded  lovers.  The  walled  battle- 
ments present  safe  stand-points  which  command  the  finest  views.  This 
project  at  first  created  quite  a  sensation  among  the  nu*al  peof>le  near 
Niagara,  but  now  it  is  universally  conceded  to  be  a  gi'eat  benefit, 
es^Decially  to  tourists  and  travelers  who  appreciate  the  comforts  of  civil- 
ized life. 

With  this  introduction  we  will  now  proceed  to  take  a  look  at  the 
-".cenery.  The  American  Fall  (900  feet  across,  164  feet  high)  is  ^tnly  a 
short  distance  from  the  village.  We  have  seen  pictures  of  these  falls, 
from  Church's  masterpiece  to  the  hastily-engraved  cut  of  a  gTiide-book. 
We  all  have  an  idea  how  the  falls  look,  but  they  never  speak  to  us  un- 
til we  have  looked  over  that  deep  abyss,  and  up  the  stream  which  ever 
rushes    on,   like  an  army  to  battle,    and  down  the  crowded  chasm, 

107  (a) 


where  the  black  waters  have  worn  their  passage,  through  the  silent,  un- 
known centuries.  Remember  what  they  say  to  you,  oh,  hearer  !  and 
as  you  look  upon  them  the  first  time  uncover  your  head  a  single  mo- 
ment. The  language  is  addressed  to  your  soul.  One-eighth  of  a  mile 
below  these  falls  is  the  new  Suspension  Bridge,  the  longest  in  the 
world — 1300  feet  in  length,  the  towers  100  feet  high,  and  cables  1800 
feet  long.  This  carriage  and  foot- way  was  long  needed,  and  now  not 
only  presents  a  fine  view  of  the  Falls  from  every  stand-point,  but 
affords  the  most  convenient  route  to  the  views  on  the  Canada  side.  It 
was  opened  to  the  public  January  4tli,  1869.  Goat  Island,  the  natural 
Central  Park  of  the  Falls,  is  connected  with  the  American  side  by  a 
bridge.  The  area  of  the  island  is  about  sixty  acres.  In  our  hasty 
sketch  we  will,  however,  only  name  the  places  to  be  visited,  leaving 
the  description  to  the  local  guide  books.  The  Cave  of  the  "Winds, 
with  its  magnificent  curtain  of  chrnging  beauty,  the  Rainbow,  the 
Whirlpool  Rapids,  reached  by  the  Double  Elevator.  Terrapin  Bridge 
and  Prt)spect  Tower,  overlooking  Horse  Shoe  Falls  (about  1900  feet 
wide  and  158  feet  high).  On  the  Canada  side  the  principal  points  of 
interest  are  Table  Rock  and  the  broad  Causeway,  where  one  can  feel 
all  the  glory  of  Niagara,  and  where  Mrs.  Sigourney  wrote  those  ex- 
pressive lines — 

"  God  has  set 
His  rainbow  on  thy  forehead,  and  the  clouds 
Mantled  around  thy  feet." 

Burning  Spring  is  about  a  mile  above  Table  Rock,  near  the  river  edge. 
Not  far  from  this  the  battle  of  Chippewa  was  fought,  July  5,  1814. 
And  also,  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  falls,  is  the  battle  ground  of 
Lundy's  Lane.  The  Suspension  Bridge,  two  miles  below,  is  a  triumph 
in  art;  the  Whirlpool  is  about  a  mile  below  this  bridge.  Many  writers 
have  attempted  to  describe  Niagara,  but  in  every  description  there  is 
something  lacking.  We  can  give  its  dimensions,  its  height  and  breadth, 
and  point  out  the  places  to  be  seen;  but  there  is  a  Unity  about  Niagara 
which  can  only  be  felt.  It  makes  one  wish  that  Pavid  could  have  seen 
it,  and  added  a  new  chapter  to  the  Psalms,     It  surely  would  not  have 

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been  out  of  place  in  the  chapter  following  ' '  The  heavens  declare  the 
glory  of  God,  the  firmament  showeth  His  handiwork."  In  hapj)y 
reminiscence  the  great  English  novelist  has  jperhaps  written  its  best 
description:  ''I  think  in  every  quiet  season,  now,  still  do  these  v/aters 
roll,  and  leap,  and  roar,  and  tumble,  all  day  long.  Still  are  the  rain- 
bows spanning  them,  a  hundred  feet  below.  Still,  when  the  sun  is  on 
them,  do  they  shine  and  glow  like  molten  gold.  Still,  when  the  day  is 
gloomy,  do  they  fall  like  snow,  or  seem  to  crumble  away  like  the  front 
of  a  great  chalk  cliff,  or  roll  down  the  rock  like  dense  white  smoke. 
But  always  does  the  mighty  stream  apj)ear  to  die  as  it  comes  down,  and 
always  from  the  unfathomable  grave  arises  that  tremendous  ghost  of 
spray  and  mist  which  is  never  laid,  which  has  haunted  the  place  with 
the  same  dread  solemnity  since  darkness  brooded  on  the  deep,  and  that 
first  flood  before  the  deluge — Light — came  rushing  on  Creation  at  the 
word  of  God." 

From  Niagara  tourists  may  make  the  round  trip  to  Montreal,  Lake 
Champlain,  Lake  George,  and  Saratoga,  or  the  still  longer  round  tri^D 
to  Montreal,  the  Green  and  White  Mountains,  and  so  to  New  York,  via 
Portland  and  Boston.  Tourists  taking  either  of  these  trips  have  two 
routes  to  Montreal^^one  via  the  Grand  Trunk  Raih'oad,  the  other  via 
boat  down  the  lake  and  St.  Lawrence.  The  rapids  and  islands  are  in- 
teresting features  of  the  route  as  we  have  already  indicated  in  our  des- 
cription of  the  Thousand  Islands. 


TOURISTS   WILIi   FIKD 

The  best  Summer  and  Winter  Stereoscopic  Views  of 
NIAGARA        FALLS, 

AT 

MR.  GEO.    BARKER'S, 

Almost  opposite  the  International  Hotel. 


Fifteen  Hundeed  Distinct  Views. 


Also,  Indian  Work  and  Curiosities. 

109 


Clevklaih).  The  pleasantcst  route  to  the  great  West  is,  in  onr  opinion, 
the  Hudson  Eiver  and  the  New  York  Central,  and  the  Michigan  and 
Li>ke  Shore  Eailroads,  and  the  pleasantest  city  is  Cleveland,  Ohio.  It 
was  originally  settled  bj-  persons  from  Is  ew  Haven,  and  we  see  the  moth- 
er's beauty  inherited  by  her  fair  daughter  ;  in  fnct,  the  public  squares 
and  noble  avenues  are  the  finest  in  the  land.  The  tourist  should  make 
this  his  resting-place  on  the  vmj  to  Chicago,  and  take  a  di'ive  on  *'Eu- 


^ii:r^ 


KENNARD    HOUSE. 
•  D.  McCLASKY,  PROrKIETOR. 

clid  Avenue."  This  avenue  is  pionounced  by  many  travelers  the  finest 
in  the  world.  For  two  miles  it  presents  -rn  unbroken  vista  of  all  that 
is  pleasant  in  trees,  shrubbery,  and  architecture. 

The  finest  hotel  is  the  Kennnrd  House,  a  cut  of  which  is  here  given, 
where  the  traveler  will  find  everything  for  his  comfort  and  convenience. 
It  is  a  first-class  house  jn  every  particultir.  The  proprietor  was  for 
many  years  \\ith  Mr.  Roeselle,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Delavan  House, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

no 


CHICAGO, 


I  LL. 


^AMBS  CMTTBCn    •    .    •    •    Bvoprietor. 

Cor.  Lake  and  Dearborn  Sts. 

Tlie  l)est-conducted  and  most  Pleasant  House  in  theCit}^.  Re-built  since  tlie 
Great  Cliicai?o  Fire,  at  the  cost  of  $750,000. 

Tlie  House  contains  over  three  hundred  large,  commodious  rooms,  with  all 
the  modern  improvements,  one  half  of  which  are  en  suite,  with  bath-rooms, 
closets,  etc. ,  all  furnished  in  the  most  elegant  stjde. 

The  offices,  corridors,  clul)-rooms,  parlors,  bridal  chambers,  and  ladies'  ordi- 
nary- are  models  of  beauty  in  design,  arrangement,  and  finish;  while  the  dining- 
half,  with  its  beautiful  carvings  in  wood,  massive  mirrors,  immense  chandeliers, 
mur1)le  floor,  magnificent  side-boards  and  elegant  furniture,  forms  a  scene  of 
splendor  not  to  be  surpassed. 

Three  elevators  will  be  in  constant  operation  to  convey  guests  and  baggage 
to  anv  floor  of  the  house.  Colored  servants  will  V)e  employed  in  the  main  dining- 
hall,  "ordinary,  and  rotunda.  The  ofiice,  bar,  telegraph-oflSce,  restaurant,  bil- 
liard-room, news-stand,  etc.,  are  the  most  elegant  in  the  City,  and  are  all  on  the 
first  floor.    -    In  every  particular  it  stands  without  a  rival  in  the  world. 


FEOM  NIAGARA  FALLS    TO  PHILADELPHIA,   BALTIMORE, 

AND   WASHINGTON, 

VIA 

EOCHESTER,   CANANDAIGUA,   PENN-YAN,  WATKINS'  GLEN, 
ELMIRA,  T^TLLIAMSPORT,  AND  HARRISBURGH. 

This  route — from  Niagara  to  Philadelphia  and  Washington — presents 
some  of  the  finest  scenery  of  New  York  and  Pennsj'lvania;  and  makes 


SENECA  LAKE. 

one  of  the  best  round  trips  to  be  taken  in  connection  with  the  day-line 
of  the  Hudson  and  the  route  we  have  just  indicated  to  Niagara.  Tourists 
may  also  reverse  the  order,  going  direct  from  Philadelphia  to  Niagara 
and  Watldns'  Glen,  and  then  to  Albany  and  down  the  Hudson  to  New 
York. 

These  beautiful  giens — Watkins   and  Glenola,  near  the  shores  of 
Seneca  Lake — have  been   poetically  styled   "a  secluded  mystery  of 

no 


beauties  which  the  elements  have  been  for  ages  carving  and  decorat- 
ing."  No  person,  in  fact,  can  be  said  to  do  New  York  State  thoroughly 
without  paying  them  a  visit.  During  the  last  few  years  there  have 
been  many  descriptive  articles  giving  an  idea  of  their  general  character; 
but,  like  all  descriptions,  they  fall  short  in  the  expression.  One  of  the 
best  of  these — at  least  in  i^oint  of  brevity — was  published  in  Scrihner^s, 
1872;  and  we  subjoin  the  following  description  of 

The  Gle^t,  or  cabinet  edition  of  a  Colorado  canyon:  "Here  we  see 


THE    GTiEN    MOr'NTAr'N    HOUSE. 

a  placid  pool,  there  a  thundering  waterfall,  beyond  a  ribbon  of  foam, 
where  the  stream  tears  through  a  crooked  rift  in  the  rocks;  then  a  series 
of  rippling  cascades,  followed  by  long  reaches  of  still  water,  so  clear 
and  glassy  that  one  seems  to  look  through  the  slaty  bottom  into  an 
under  world  of  fantastic  forms — an  inverted  spiritual  counterpart  of 
the  wonderful  region  round  and  above.  Now  the  stream  overspreads 
a  broad  channel,  as  level  as  a  pavement;  now  it  rushes  through  a  nar- 
row sluice-way,  and  again  sleeps  in  a  chain  of  oval  pools,  the  footprints 

III 


of  waterfalls  long  since  receded."  These  various  x3oints  are  so  rapidly 
and  poetically  referred  to  in  the  above  quotation  that  it  reminds  one  of 
the  musical  poem  often  read  by  elocutionists,  "The  way  the  water 
comcg  down  at  Ladore." 


HECTOR   FALTiS. 

The  double  fall  of  Hector,  in  the  neighborhood,  is  well  wortny  of  a 
summer  day's  excursion,  "  where  a  sti'eam  much  larger  than  any  of  the 
Glen  streams,  leaps  into  the  lake  over  a  quick  succession  of  bold  cliffs, 
falling  two  hundred  feet  or  more  in  as  many  yards." 

From  Wat  kins'  Glen  our  route  will  take  us  via  Elmira  to  Minequa, 
with  its  noted  Springs;  and  Williamsport,  \\-ith  its  fine  hotel,— the 
' '  Herdic  House. "  112 


At  Northumberland,  forty  miles  soiitli  of  Williamsport,  the  north 
and  west  branches  of  the  Susquehanna  fneet.  The  north  branch,  jou 
will  remember,  takes  its  rise  in  Otsego  Lake,  at  Cooperstown  (referred 
to  in  our  article  on  the  route  to  Cooperstown,  Sharon  and  Eichfield 
Springs),  and  is  famous  in  poetry  and  history  for  the  cruel  tragedy  of 
Wyoming,  and  the  stirring  scenes  on  its  banks.  You  will  also  remem- 
ber Campbell's  beautiful  lliie — 

**  On  Susquehanna's  side,  fair  Wyoming." 

And  now  we  pass  the  marriage  of  two  poetic  streams,  where  the 
*'  blue  Juniata  "  is  willing  to  change  her  name,  and,  in  maiden  modesty, 
give  all  herself  to  her  liquid  Eomeo.  Then,  thirty-seven  miles  to  Lan- 
caster, where  Eobert  Fulton,  when  a  boy,  made  his  fii'st  paddle-wheels; 
and  Thaddeus  Stevens  and  Buchanan  lived.  Then  sixty  miles  bring  us 
to  Bryn  Mawr,  a  pleasant  village  in  the  suburbs  of  Philadelphia,  with 
station  and  railway  appointments  suggesting  an  English  landscape,  and 
so  to  Philadelphia,  with  its  pleasant  streets,  *'that  re-echo  the  names 
of  the  trees  of  the  forest." 

It  is  probably  the  most  quiet  and  orderly  city  in  the  world  for  its 
size.  Although  it  has  a  population  of  about  700,000,  and  possesses 
stirring  business  activity  and  enterprise,  still  the  quiet  genius  of  its 
great  founder  seems  to  reign  supreme.  The  most  pleasant,  quiet,  and 
convenient  hotel  is  the  "Colonnade  House,"  John  Crump,  Proprietor, 
comer  of  Chestnut  and  Fifteenth  Streets.  The  tourist  can  spend  a 
number  of  days  in  Philadelphia  with  profit;  and,  in  addition  to  its 
commercial  activity,  it  has  a  decent  and  respectful  reverence  for  an- 
tiquity— a  quality  in  New  York  which  seems  to  be  honored  in  the 
breach  lather  than  the  observance.  Old  Lidependence  Hall  is  a 
Fourth-of-July  Oration  in  itself;  as  is  the  old  bell,  with  its  singularly 
prophetic  inscription. 

The  Pennsylvania  Eaiboad  has  made  this  one  of  the  most  delightful 
routes;  and  we  wish  to  acknowledge  their  courtesy  in  furnishing  the 
cuts  which  illustrate  this  article.  From  Philadelphia  the  tourist  will 
proceed  on  his  route  for  Baltimore  and  Washington. 

113 


TROY   CONFERENCE    ACADEMY, 

POULTNEY,    VERMONT. 

This  Institution  is  located  on  the  Rutland  and  "Washin.aton  Railroad,  sixty- 
eight  miles  fi'om  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  eighteen  miles  from  Hutland,  Vermont. 

Poultnej'  is  a  beautiful  village,  free  from  saloons  and  vicious  places  of  resort. 

The  Academj'  prepares  students  for  college,  gives  a  full  course  to  j-oung  ladies, 
and,  in  every  'particular,,  is  strictlj'  on  a  par  with  other  New  England  Academies. 

The  Terms  are  very  moderate. 

A  discount  is  made  in  favor  of  the  children  of  Clergymen,  and  of  young  men 
preparing  for  the  Ministry. 

The  school  year  for  1875-6  begins  September  fst,  7875, 

For  catalogues  of  information  address  the  Principal, 

Rev.   MARTIN   E.  CADY,   A.M., 

PouLTXEY,   Vermont. 


THE 


|^ongrfi»»   and  jfmptrc 


OF   SARATOGA 

Are  the  best  of  all  the  Saratoga  Waters  for  the 
USE  OF  Perso:n^s  of  Constipated  Habit. 

They  act  promptly  and  pleasantly,  without  producing  debility;  and  their 
effect  is  not  weakened  by  continued  use,  as  is  the  case  with  ordinary  cathartics. 
At  the  same  time  they  are  not  too  cathartic, — a  fault  with  some  of  our  more  drastic 
mineral  waters,  — but  sufficiently  so  for  daily  healthful  use,  and  not  strong  enough 
to  produce  reaction. 

As  an  alterative,  these  waters,  by  continued  use,  keep  the  blood  in  a  very 
pure  and  healthful  condition,  producing  a  clear,  florid  complexion. 

They  are  especially  beneficial  in  cases  of  habitual  Bilious  Headache,  Dys- 
pepsia, and  Constipation,  and  are  sure  preventives  of  all  bilious  disorders. 

Evert  Genuine  BoTTiiE  of  Congeess  Water  has  a  large    *'C"    raised   on 

THE  Glass. 


For  Sale  by  Druggists  and  Hotels  throughout  the  country. 
None  Genuine  Sold  on  Draught. 


At  our  General  Mineral  "Water  Depot  in  New  York  all  varieties  of  Natural 
Waters  for  sale  at  proprietors'  prices,  delivered  free  in  New  York,  Brooklyn, 
and  Jersey  City. 

Orders  by  mail  will  receive  prompt  attention.  Empties  taken  back  and 
allowed  for  at  liberal  prices.     Address, 

COIS^GRESS  &  EMPIRE  SPRING  CO., 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  and 

94  Chambers  St.,  New  York  City. 

_^^*  In  connection  with  a  recent  Analysis  of  Congress  Water,  Prof.  0.  F. 
Chandler  remarks  that  "as  a  cathartic  water,  its  almost  entire  freedom  from 
iron  should  recommend  it  above  all  others." 


SAEATOGA,  LAKE  GEOEGE,  AXD  PIATTSBUEG. 

From  Albany  we  take  the  Eensselaer  and  Saratoga  Eailroad  (division 
of  the  Delaware  and  SLidson  Canal  Company)  direct  to  Saratoga,  or  by 
way  of 

Teoy,  at  the  head  of  tide-water,  the  enterj^rising  city  of  the  Hiiuson. 
In  fact,  it  might  be  considered  the  live  town  of  the  river.     In  the  year 


,  =^1    -  y  -a' 


tit     Ml     \^  '.:M  -     Mi^  " 


TROT   HOUSE. 
J.  W.  Stkakns,    ProiM-ii  tur. 

17>  :G,  it  was  called  Ferryliook.  In  1787,  Eensselaerwyck.  In  the  fall 
of  1787,  the  settlers  began  to  use  the  name  of  Vanderheyden,  after  the 
family  w^ho  owned  a  great  part  of  the  gi'ound  where  the  city  now  stands. 
January  9th,  1789,  the  freeholders  of  the  town  met  and  gave  it  the  name 
of  Troy.  As  a  natural  sequence,  the  adjoining  hills  took  the  names  of 
Ida  and  Olympus. 

The  best   hotel  is  the  "Troy  House,"  corner  of  First  and  Eiver 
Streets,  near  the  steamboat  dock,  and  only  a  few  blocks  from  the  dejDot. 

115 


-J 


It  is  now  conducted  by  Mr.  Taylor,  wlio  lias  been  connected  for  several 
years  with  the  famous  Massasoit  House,  Springfield.  It  is  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  and  tourists  will  find  gentlemanly  clerks  and  kind  attention. 

Like  Troy  of  old,  this  city  flourishes  in  an  "age  of  iron."  The  Bes- 
semer Steel  Rail  Works,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city,  keep  up  a 
continual  Fourth  of  July  by  a  display  of  fireworks  that  are  well  worth 
an  evening  visit.  The  manufacture  of  stoves  is  also  a  large  part  of  the 
business  enterprise.  We  would  call  attention  to  the  new  Empire 
Heating  Range  of  Swett,  Quimby,  &  Perry,  as  something  new  and 
successful  in  the  way  of  heating  rooms,  connected  with  a  fine  cooking- 
range.  Troy  has  also  the  best  reputation  for  making  elegant  marbleized 
mantles.  The  extensive  works  of  C.  W.  Billings  are  situated  on  the 
corner  of  Hutton  and  North  Third  Streets;  and  here  we  can  trace  the 
progress  of  a  slab  rough  from  Hydeville  through  various  manipulations, 
until  it  becomes  in  fact  "a  thing  of  beauty."  The  finest  residences  in 
our  country  are  being  furnished  with  mantles  of  his  manufacture, 
Henderson's  Hot- Air  Furnace  is  also  manufactured  in  Troy,  by  Shavor  & 
Henderson,  66  Sixth  Street ;  considered  the  finest  in  the  United  States. 
Water's  Paper  Boats  are  also  here  made,  winners  of*  a  hundred  races,. 

The  population  of  Troy  is  over  50,000,  and  rapidly  growing.  The 
falls  of  the  Poestenkill  are  in  a  romantic  ravine,  within  thirty  minutes' 
walk  of  the  Troy  House.  This  stream  and  the  Wynantskill  furnish  a 
good  water-power.  The  Union  Depot  is  a  fine  building;  and  three 
railroads  centre  here — the  Hudson  River,  the  Rensselaer  and  Saratoga, 
and  the  Troy  and  Boston.     Taking  the 

Rensselaek  and  Sabatoga  RAiiiHOAD,  we  cross  the  Hudson  and 
Green  Island,  the  birthplace  of  Morrisey,  and  we  believe  once  used  as 
a  camping-ground  by  General  Gates.  We  pass  through  the  long  street 
of  Waterford,  and  leave  Cohoes  on  our  left,  a  manufacturing  town  which 
received  its  name  from  the  falls  of  the  Mohawk,  one  of  the  mouths  of 
which  here  empties  into  the  Hudson.  Its  Indian  name  is  said  to  sig- 
nify the  **  Island  at  the  Falls."  We  pass  through  Mechanicville,  near 
the  historic  fields  of  Stillwater  and  Bemis  Heights;  Round  Lake  Station, 
with  its  summer  village  and  camp-meeting  privileges,  and  come  to 

Baudston  Spa,  twenty-five  miles  from  Troy,  a  pleasant  watering- 

ii6 


place,  altliougH  under  the  immediate  shadow  of  Saratoga.  The  best 
hotel  is  the  "Sans  Souci." 

\Ye  lately  came  across  an  article  in  Harper^s  Magazine,  published 
twenty  years  ago,  which  gives  a  gorgeous  description  of  the  youth  and 
beauty  that  were  there  assembled;  and  we  were  more  surprised  at  the 
fact  that  we  had  a  summer  hotel  that  had  existed  twenty  years,  than 
when  we  met  soon  after  a  reference  to  one  of  the  German  Spas  in  the 
lines  of  Spenser's  "Faery  Queen." 

The  BAiiiiSTON  Ap.tesian  Lithia  Speing  is  everywhere  noted,  and  re- 
commended by  medical  and  scientific  men  as  containing  the  most  valu- 
able j)roperties  of  any  spring  in  our  country.  The  analysis  is  given  in 
full  on  another  page.  It  is  said  that  the  grandfather  of  the  Hon. 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  built  a  log  house  in  Ballston  in  the  year  1792,  for 
the  accommodation  of  invalids. 

From  Ballston  there  is  a  Schenectady  Branch  Railroad,  which  mate- 
rially shortens  the  distance  for  those  en  route  to  Niagara,  Sharon,  or 
points  west.     Seven  miles  more  bring  us  to 

Saratoga  Springs,  thirty-two  miles  from  Troy,  and  one  hundred  and 
eighty-two  from  New  York. 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 

In  our  hafity  sketch  of  watering-places  and  the  routes  thereto,  this 
great  summer  resort  of  our  country  ought  to  be  printed  in  large  capital 
letters.  The  heading  deserves  a  full  line  of  itself,  instead  of  being 
crowded  into  a  left-hand  corner  of  a  page  of  type — and  it  shall  have  it. 
In  other  words,  Saratoga  is  something  more  than  a  paragraph,  or 
Barnum  would  have  wheeled  it  across  the  continent  thirty  years  ago. 
Comi)ared  "with  the  Sj^rings,  other  watering-places  are  mere  commas, 
semi-colons,  or,  at  the  most,  colons;  but  this  punctuation-point  in 
j)leasure-travel  is  a  full  stop.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  place  which  every  one 
likes  to  visit  once  in  a  lifetime,  and  most  people  once  a  year. 

It  pleases  a  philosopher  because  it  is  the  best  place  on  the  continent 
to  study  human  nature.  It  pleases  the  young  gentleman  and  lady  of 
flirting  propensities,  because  they  can  easily  find  hearts  and  heads  as 

117 


Boft  and  res23onsive  as  their  own.  It  pleases  the  managing  mother,  be- 
cause she  has  a  field  for  diplomacy  which  would  puzzle  a  Richelieu  or 
a  Bismarck.  It  pleases  the  sporting  gentleman,  because  he  has  an  op- 
portunity of  disi^laying  his  interest  or  losing  his  principal  in  a  fashion- 
able horse-race.  It  j^leases  the  invalid,  for  this  has  been  to  many  a 
genuine  fountain  of  health.  In  short,  it  presents  to  every  condition 
and  character  something  to  be  enjoyed;  and  each  class  soon  attracts  its 
own  companions. 


PAEK    OF   THE   GRAND   UNION    HOTEL. 
J.  H.   BRBSLIN  &  CO.,   PROPRIETORS. 

This  cut  only  faintly  suggests  the  finest  park  of  the  finest  hotel  in  the 
world,  but  it  will  give  some  idea  of  the  cool  and  shaded  walks  en- 
closed by  this  magnificent  structure.  Since  its  enlargement  and 
completioji,  during  the  last  season,  it  is  the  largest  hotel  on  the 
continent,  and  by   fur  the  most   convenient   and   symmetrical   in  de- 

iig 


sign.  There  are  over  two  "hundred  and  fifty  suites,  with  bath-rooms 
and  all  conveniences.  The  whole  house  iias  been  newly  furnished. 
Its  graceful  verandas,  always  cool  and  shaded  ;  its  magnificent  park, 
filled  with  trees  of  twenty  years'  growth  ;  its  Opera  Hall  directly  oppo- 
site; its  cheerful  cottages;  its  airy  and  beautiful  office,  with  dome  rising 
eighty  feet  above  the  marble  pavement,  with  a  terrace  overlook  from 
every  floor  ;  its  splendid  dining  room,  all  combine  to  render  this  one  of 
the  most  charming  hotels  in  the  world.  It  is,  moreover,  on  the  right 
side  of  the  street,  fronting  the  east,  and  free  from  the  afternoon  sun. 
The  grounds  and  buildings  cover  a  space  seven  acres  in  extent,  and  the 
hotel  presents  a  street  frontage  of  1,364  feet.  We  have  already  given 
a  view  of  the  inclosed  park,  but  it  is  impossible  to  convey  by  any  re- 
presentation, an  idea  of  the  fairy-like  beauty  when  the  trees  bloom 
with  many  colored  lamps,  when  the  grounds  are  filled  with  "  visions 
of  lace,"  and  every  heart  is  responsive  to  the  gentle  power  of  music. 
Its  capacious  drawing  rooms  and  dining  halls  have  been  newly  adorned 
and  frescoed,  and  its  destiny  is  secure  in  the  hands  of  its  x^opular  pro- 
prietors,   J.  H.  Breslin  &  Co. 

United  States  Hotel.  This  hotel,  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old 
'  United  States,"  is  a  mammoth  and  stupendous  structiu*e.  It  was  com- 
menced in  1873.  We  see  it  as  we  approach  the  station,  with  its  long 
line  of  cottages  on  one  side,  and  its  long  wing  on  the  other,  reaching 
almost  to  the  railroad  track  as  if  standing  with  open  arms,  awaiting 
the  tourist  and  traveler.  In  the  June  number  of  the  College  Spectator, 
published  at  Saratoga  Springs,  there  is  a  full  description  of  its  stupen- 
dous proportions,  from  which  we  quote  the  following:  "  The  building 
occupies  a  plot  of  ground  of  seven  acres  in  extent,  in  the  form  of  an 
irregrdar  pentagon.  It  has  a  frontage  on  Broadway,  of  two  hundred 
and  thirty-two  feet,  six  inches,  and  a  frontage  of  five  hundred  and  three 
feet  on  Division  street,  also  a  frontage  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-three 
feet  on  Railroad  Place.  The  architectural  features  of  the  main  build- 
ing, present  the  Norman  style  of  architecture.  The  grknd  ball  room 
is  located  in  the  second  story  of  the  railroad  front,  fifty  feet  wide,  by 
one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  long.  The  main  building  is  six  stories  in 
height,  the  sixth  story  being  the  mansard  roof."     Although  Saratoga 

I20 


2 


w 


^ 


is  naturally  a  sandy  place,  this  hotel,  every  foot  of  it,  is  "founded  on 
a  rock,"  and  has  in  every  sense  one  of  the  finest  foundations  in  the 
world,  resting  on  the  solid  Silurian  formation  of  its  old  reputation,  and 
on  the  successful  management  of  Tompkins,  Perry,  Gage  &  Janvrin. 

The  Hotel  enterprise  of  our  country  rather  surprises  even  a  Euro- 
pean traveler.  And,  in  fact,  it  is  a  marvel  to  find  a  city  of  hotels  in  a 
country  so  new  as  the  United  States.  This  building  is  a  fit  type  of  ihs 
growth  of  our  country,  and  speaks  well  for  a  Centennial  of  prosi^erity. 
With  such  enterprise,  wealth,  and  foresight  directing  the  affairs  of 
Saratoga,  this  watering  place  has  no  occasion  to  fear  the  future.  It  is 
the  morning  of  her  history; 

"  For  we  are  ancients  of  the  earth, 
And  in  the  morning  ot  our  times." 

The  Ameeicait  House  is  also  on  Broadway,  located  in  the  pleasantest 
and  liveliest  part  of  Saratoga,  between  the  United  States  and  the  Grand 
Union.  It  can  accommodate  between  three  hundred  and  four  hundred 
guests,  and  has  won  a  wide  reputation  for  its  complete  and  satisfactory 
management  under  its  prompt  and  gentlemanly  proprietor,  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Bennett.  The  American  is  kept  open  the  entire  year,  and  at  all 
seasons  is  a  favorite  of  traveling  people. 

The  Columbian  HoTEii  is  also  on  Broadway  beyond  the  Grand  Union, 
just  south  of  the  Grand,  and  is  one  of  the  coziest  and  neatest  Hotels  in 
Saratoga.  Its  fine  front  forms  one  of  the  grand  chain  of  Hotels,  reach- 
ing from  the  west  end  of  the  United  States  to  the  Clarendon.  It  looks 
off  on  Congress  Park,  one  of  the  prettiest  features  of  Saratoga. 
Brooklyn  and  New  York  almost  of  themselves  fill  the  Columbian  every 
season.  Captain  Dodge  was  formerly  a  Brooklyn  man,  and  has  many 
friends  of  the  right  stamp. 

The  CiiAKENDON,  stands  on  a  beautiful  elevation,  clothed,  as  it  were, 
"in  white  garments,"  and  forms  a  beautiful  terminus  to  this  long  line 
of  "brick,"  reaching  from  the  station  to  the  hill.  We  regret  that 
we  have  not  a  cut  of  the  building,  as  it  is  one  of  the  finest  of  the 
congerie.       Under    its  popular  and  gentlemanly  proprietor,    Charles 

122 


E.  Leland,  of  the  "Delavan  House,"  Albany — it  has  attained  the  first 
position  in  reference  to  an  aristocratic  and  select  class  of  guests.  The 
celebrated  Washington  Spring  is  inclosed  in  the  pleasant  gTounds  con- 
nected w-ith  the  hotel.  ^ 

Strong's   Remediaij   Institute  is  the  finest  health   resort   in  our 
country   and  is  not  only  a  Christian  home  for  the  sick,  but  also  a  grand 


DRS.  STEONG's  KEMEDIAIi  INSTITUTE. 

centre  for  wealthy,  literary,  and  Christian  people.  It  is  the  annual 
summer  resort  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cuyler,  Robert  Carter,  and  ex-Governor 
Wells,  of  Virginia.  The  most  marked  featm-es  are  its  homogeneous 
society,  its  social  life,  and  its  musical  entertainments. 

The  proprietors— Drs.    S.   S.   and  S.   E.   Strong— have   become   so 

123 


celebrated  in  their  various  specialties  tliat  leading  physicians  all  over 
the  country  recognize  the  fact  that  many  chronic  cases  can  be  treated 
more  effectually  in  an  institution  having  special  appliances  than  in  or- 
dinary practice,  and  are  sending  more  and  more  such  cases  to  them  for 
treatment.  The  senior  proprietor  has  been  spending  the  winter 
abroad  in  Paris  and  in  London,  giving  special  attention  to  the  latest 
researches  of  the  French  and  English  physicians.  The  house  is  open 
all  the  year,  and  has  no  appearance  of  invalidism. 


TEMPLE   GEOVE   SEMINAKY  (STREET  FRONT). 

Temple  Grove  Seminary  has  a  delightful  location  on  what  was  once 
called  Temple  Hill,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  village.  The  institution 
is  under  the  efficient  management  of  Charles  F.  Dowd,  A.M.,  a  graduate 
of  Yale  College,  and  well  known  to  the  educational  world  as  conducting 
one  of  the  best  Young  Ladies'  Seminaries  in  the  State.  The  cuts  here 
given  present  a  fine  view  of  the  building.  The  grounds  comprise  about 
one  and  a  half  acres,  and  are  covered  with  a  grove  of  over  one  hundred 
native  forest  trees. 

124 


During  the  winter  Saratoga  combines  all  the  advantages  of  a  city 
with  the  quiet  of  a  country  toT\Ti;  for,  although  the  public  works  and 
beautiful  avenues  were  constructed  mainly  for  the  benefit  of  summer 
visitors,  they  are  none  the  less  to  the  advantage  of  those  who  live  here 
in  the  quiet  possession  of  them  from  September  to  June.  During  the 
rush  of  the  vacation  months,  Temple  Grove  is  turned  into  one  of  the 
most  delightful  summer  resorts  in  Saratoga,  and  combines  the  advan- 
tages of  a  commanding  position,  large  and  weU-shaded  grounds,  and 
within  five  minutes'  walk  of  the  Springs.    From  the  Seminary  observa- 


TEMPLE    GROVE   SEMINARY  (gEOVE    STDE). 

tory  one  gets  a  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country  for  miles  in  every 
direction.  From  the  Saratoga  Sun,  edited  by  our  friend  Mr.  A.  S.  Pease, 
we  clip  the  following: — 

**  Among  the  institutions  of  which  Saratoga  has  just  reason  to  be 
proud  is  Temple  Grove  Seminary.  Under  the  excellent  and  skillful 
management  of  Professor  Dowd,  this  Seminary  has  attained  not  only  a 
State  but  a  National  eminence.  Among  the  pupils  are  young  ladies 
from  all  points  of  the  United  States,  and  the  reputation  of  the  Semi- 

125 


nary  is  steadilv  increasing.  Tlie  scholarship  of  the  graduates  of  Temple 
Grove  has  for  several  years  been  of  marked  excellence.  No  department 
of  mental  or  general  culture  seems  to  be  neglected,  but  everything  that 
contributes  to  a  perfect  education  is  carefully  regarded  by  the  Principal, 
and  inwrought,  as  it  were,  into  the  character  of  the  pupil.  Not  only  is 
Professor  Dowd  to  be  congratulated  on  his  notable  success,  but  Sara- 
toga Springs  possesses  no  institution  of  which  she  ought  to  feel  more 
proud  or  prize  more  highly  than  Temple  Grove  Seminary." 

The  most  prominent  Springs  in  and  about  Saratoga,  and  those 
best  known  for  the  excellence  of  their  mineral  properties,  are  the  Con- 
gress, the  Empire,  the  High  Eock,  the  Star,  the  Excelsior,  and  the 
Gej^ser. 

CoNGBESS  Spbing  "was  discovered  in  1792,  by  a  party  of  gentlemen 
who  were  engaged  in  hunting  in  the  vicinity.  One  of  these  gentlemen 
was  an  ex-member  of  Congress,  from  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  and  the 
name  of  Congress  was  complimentarily  bestowed.  Since  then,  its  name 
has  become  familiar  in  every  civilized  country.  The  old  picture  of  the 
Spring,  as  it  appeared  in  1816,  presents  a  great  contrast  to  the  present 
pavilion  and  surroundings  of  Congress  Park.  It  has  a  decided  ad- 
vantage in  being  handy  to  the  various  hotels;  but  we  would  cite  the 
following  incident  as  a  gentle  caution  to  rashness  and  new  arrivals.  It 
was  attributed  to  John  G.  Saxe,  in  the  summer  of  1872.  A  lady  return- 
ing from  the  Spring  one  morning,  met  the  poet  and  said,  with  great 
gusto,  '"Good  morning,  Mr.  Saxe;  I  have  just  drank  six  glasses  of 
Congress  Water." — His  response  was  at  once  kind  and  expressive: 
'•'Don't  let  me  detain  you,  madam.  ' 

The  Empire  Sprts'g  is  situated  near  the  base  of  a  high  limestone 
bluff,  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  Congress  Spring.  It  was 
called,  for  a  long  time,  the  New  Congress,  as  its  general  qualities 
closely  resemble  the  Congress;  but  it  has  lately  attracted  the  attention 
of  medical  men,  as  it  possesses  valuable  i:-roperties  which  are  adapted 
to  the  successful  treatment  of  lung  complaints. 

The  High  PiOCk  is  the  only  spring  in  Saratoga  which  seemed  inde- 
pendent of  tubing  and  masonry,  and  ages  ago  built  a  curb  for  itself.    It 

126 


was  tlie  first  discovered,  and  was  a  deer  resort  long  before  Saratoga 
was  made  liappy  by  a  hotel.  The  first  white  man  on  record  who  tasted 
these  waters  was  Sir  William  Johnston,  in  the  year  1767.  Our  cut  fur- 
nishes a  good  aboriginal  idea  of  Saratoga  and  its  great  healing  rock 
in  the  wilderness.  The  mound  is  about  three  or  four  feet  high,  and  is 
certainly  a  great  curiosity.  The  geologist  and  the  chemist  find  here  a 
subject  for  reflection  and  analysis,  and  it  carries  them  far  back  into  a 


SAEATOGA  HIGH  KOCK,  1767. 


pre-historic  past.  It  is,  indeed,  a  venerable  mound;  but  the  water  still 
bubbles  up  as  brightly  as  when  the  bursting  of  its  gas-cells  broke  only 
on  the  stillness  of  the  wildwood.  One  thing  is  certain — there  is  more 
poetry  in  High  Kock  than  any  other  fountain  in  the  country.  It  has 
been  known  for  centuries  as  the  *' great  medicine  spring;"  and  many  of 
those  who  to-day  gather  under  its  pleasant  pavilion,  give  it  the  pr^er- 
ence  over  later  rivals. 


Jeysek  Spring,  the  great  natural  curiosity  of  Saratoga,  is  about 
one  mile  and  a  half  from  the  x^rincipal  hotels  of  Saratoga  ;  a 
pleasant  ride,,  either  by  carriage  or  a  line  of  stages  which  run 
every  half-hour  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors.  This 
spring  was  discovered  in  February,  1870,  and  developed  by 
experimental  drilling  in  the  solid  rock.  The  vein  was  struck 
by  the  drill  in  the  bird's-eye  limestone,  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet 
beneath  the  surface  rock,  and  the  water  immediately  commenced  spout- 
ing at  the  surface,  being  forced  up  by  the  pressure  of  its  own  carbonic 
acid  gag,  spouting,  through  an  inch  nozzle,  to  the  height  of  thirty  feet. 
The  grounds  about  the  Geyser  Spring  are  very  beautiful.  Nature  has 
been  bountiful  in  good  gifts,  and  art  and  taste  have  developed  a  fine 
X)ark  ,of  well-shaded  and  delightful  walks.  The  Geyser  Lake,  close  at 
hand,  is  over  one  mile  in  length,  and  covers  about  sixty  acres.  The 
park  to  which  we  have  referred  coritains  thirty  acres,  with  ravines,  ter 
races,  and  a  very  handsome  waterfall  of  twenty-two  feet,  in  fact,  a  nice 
place  to  read  a  novel,  talk  with  a  friend,  or  while  away  a  summer  day. 

This  Spring  is  now  one  of  the  best-known  in  Saratoga,  and  is  very  pop- 
ular in  our  cities,  as  it  sends  its  water  in  barrels,  and  is  drawn  at  drug- 
gists' counters,  retaining  all  its  sparkle  and  vigor.  The  fact  that  it  is 
loca  ed  one  hundred  and  thirty -two  feet  beneath  the  sohd  rock,  renders 
it  free  from  all  impurities  of  surface  water,  which  accounts  for  its  uni- 
form taste  and  clearness.  The  projorietors  of  the  Geyser  are  Messrs. 
Jacob  M.  Adams  and  Frank  Jones. 

The  ExcEiiSioE  Spring  is  found  in  a  beautiful  valley  amid  picturesqr.e 
scenery,  about  a  mile  east  of  the  town  hall,  near  the  center  of  Excelsior 
Park.  A  romantic  walk  conducts  one  to  the  spring,  or  we  may  approach 
it  by  Spring  avenue,  leading  past  the  Mansion  House,  with  its  fine  trees 
and  beautiful  lawn,  and  the  water-works  which  supply  Saratoga  with 
water  from  Excelsior  Lake.  The  Excelsior  Spring  has  been  appreciated 
for  its  valuable  qualities  by  the  oldest  visitors  for  the  last  fifty  years. 
Its  bottling  house  is  an  interesting  place  to  visit,  and  its  underground 
vaults  preserve  the  water  alike  from  winter  frosts,  or  summer  heat. 

132 


Excelsior  Lake,  in  the  ''valley  of  the  ten  springs," — a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  with  sloping  banks  adorned  by  lofty  trees,  also  adds  its 
charms  to  the  place.  The  more  elevated  portions  of  Excelsior  Park 
have  been  divided  into  large  and  small  villa  plots,  many  of  which  com- 
mand fine  views  of  the  mountains  in  Vermont  and  the  Lake  George 
Hills  ;  and  we  believe  that  the  attention  of  the  public  has  only  to  be 
called  to  the  lots  now  offered  for  sale  in  Excelsior  Park  to  make  this 
beautiful  spot  soon  vie  with  the  environs  of  Newport  in  its  villa  homes 
and  tasteful  cottages. 

Points  of  Inteeest. — Saratoga  has  many  places  of  interest  in  its 
immediate  vicinity.  Saratoga  Lake,  with  its  "legend;"  and  "Moon's 
House;"  "Chapman  Hill,"  Avith  its  charming  view;  Wagman's  Hill, 
about  three  miles  beyond;  Haggerty  Hill,  six  miles  north  of  the  village; 
and  Lake  Lovely,  on  the  boulevard  to  Saratoga  Lake.  For  further 
particulars  we  refer  the  tourist  to  the  neat  handbook  of  ' '  Saratoga,  and 
How  to  See  It,"  published  by  Mr.  R.  F.  Dearborn,  and  sold  at  all  the 
news-istands  and  Springs  in  the  village. 

Adleondack:  Compaq; y's  Raileoad. — This  route  to  the  Adirondacks 
and  Lake  George  is  one  of  the  most  popular  excursions  to  be  taken 
from  Saratoga.  The  traveler  by  this  route  passes  through  tiie  romantic 
and  picturesque  valley  of  the  Upper  Hudson — through  King's,  South 
Corinth,  Jessup's  Landing  to  Hadley,  the  railroad  station  for  Luzerne, 
a  charming  village  at  the  junction  of  the  Hudson  and  the  Sacandaga. 
"Rockwell's  Hotel "  is  known  to  all  the  sojourners  and  guests  of  Sara- 
toga as  the  place  to  secure  a  game  dinner,  a  dish  of  trout,  and  a  "taste" 
of  the  wilderness. 

Pursuing  the  railroad,  we  pass  through  Stony  Creek  to  Thurman, 
thirty-six  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs,  at  the  junction  of  the  Schroon 
River  and  the  Hudson,  and  the  station  for  parties  en  route  for  Lake 
George  or  Warrensburgh.  Stages  connect  for  these  points  on  the 
arrival  of  the  train.  This  stage  route  to  Lake  George  is  over  a  fine 
plank-road,  and  the  same  in  distance  as  the  route  from  Glen's  Falls. 
The  next  stations  above  Thurman  are  the  Glen,  forty-four  miles;  and 
Riverside,  fifty  miles  from  Saratoga.  At  Riverside  persons  leave  the 
cars  for  Chester,  Pottersville,   Schroon  Lake,  and  Johnsburg. 

133 


The  Wells  House,  is  situated  at  IVlill  Brook,  on  the  eastern  shore 
of  Schroon  Lake,  and  is  reached  by  coach  from  Eiverside  (about  seven 
miles)  to  Schroon  Lake,  thence  in  steamer  Effingham,  Captain  P.  S. 
Bussell,  to  Wells  House  landing,  or  by  stage  from  Lake  George  via 
Warrensburgh  to  Thurman,  or  Glen  station,  Adirondock,  K.  R.,  thence 
to  Riverside,  etc.  We  have  been  furnished  with  a  charming  view  of 
this  pleasant  hotel  by  one  of  our  friends  on  the  Hudson,  who  is  elo- 
quent  in   praise   of  its   delightful  location  and  healthful  climate. 


WELLS   HOUSE,    MILL    BROOK,    WARREN    COUNTY,    N.  Y. 
Thomas  Wells,  Proprietor. 

This  hotel  is  in  immediate  vicinity  of  the  sporting  country  of  the  Adi- 
rondacks.  From  Park's  mountain  on  the  east,  within  one  and  a  half 
miles  ride,  or  one  half  mile  walk,  we  see  Mounts  Marcy,  McLityre, 
Nipple  Top,  Dix's  Peak,  McMartin,  Sky-Light  and  others,  from  4,200 
to  5,467  feet  altitude,  also  seven  beautiful  sheets  of  water.  From 
Mount  Pharaoh,  only  a  few  miles  distant,  the  view  embraces,  in  clear 
weather,  the  principal  mountains,  valleys,  lakes  and  streams,  from  the 

134 


white  peak  of  Mount  Washington  to  the  remotest  peak  of  the  north- 
western Adirondacks.  The  entire  country  is  full  of  interest,  and  the 
Adirondack  Raikoad  opens  up  a  country  rich  in  mineral  resources,  and 
attractive  in  romantic  and  picturesque  scenery. 

Rensselaee  and  Saratoga  Railroad,  continued.  —  Pursuing  our 
northern  route  from  Saratoga,  we  pass  through  Gansevoort  and  Moreau 
to  Fort  Edward;  and  the  branch  railroad  brings  us  to 


THE    BOCKWEIiL   HOUSE,  GIjEn's   FAIiLS,  N.  Y. 


Glen's  Falls,  the  flourishing  and  enterprising  town  of  northern 
New  York.  The  streets  are  finely  laid  out,  and  well  shaded.  The 
soldier's  monument  and  new  Music  Hall  testify  to  the  taste,  intelli- 
gence, and  public  spirit  of  the  place. 

135 


THE  EOCKWELL  HOUSE  we  put  in  capitals  ;  it  cannot  be  praised 
too  much.  No  hotel  in  the  State  is  more  complete  in  its  appointments, 
an^  no  hotel  has  better  management.  The  Rockwell  Brothers  are  well 
known  to  tourists  and  travelers.  City  families  are  so  well  pleased  with 
this  model  house  that  they  often  take  rooms  for  many  weeks  of  the 
■w-ititer,  and  with  good  reason,  for  there  is  no  healthier  town  in  the 
State ;  good  sleighing  almost  always  (except  on  the  Fourth  of  July) ; 
in  short,  a  most  pleasant  home  and  most  reasonable  terms.  Con- 
veyances can  be  had  at  all  times  to  Lake  George,  and  stage-i  leave 
morning  and  evening.  Persons  amving  on  the  evening  train  thus  have 
a  good  night's  rest,  and  a  pleasant  morning  ride  to  the  Lake.  Glen's 
Falls  is  surrounded  by  so  much  of  historic  interest  and  beautiful 
scenery  that  it  demands  even  from  the  hui-ried  traveler  more  than  a 
passing  glance.  This  is  the  central  point,  as  it  were,  about  which  our 
great  novelist  grouped  the  scenes  of  "  The  Last  of  the  Mohicans."  A 
short  distance  from  the  village  the  Hudson  River  makes  a  descent  of  72 
feet  in  a  succession  of  leajDS  over  rugged  rocks  ;  and  here  is  the  famous 
cave  so  graphically  described  by  Cooper.  The  width  of  the  river  at 
this  i:)oint  is  about  900  feet. 

To  Lake  George.  From  Glens  Falls  a  fine  plank  road  passes 
through  a  beautiful  counti;,.  It  is  well  built  and  always  smooth,  and 
seem.s  like  a  highway  to  some  city  rather  than  an  excursion  route  for 
summer  travel.  On  the  way  we  pass  Bloody  Pond,  on  the  right,  and 
a  mouument  to  Col.  Williams,  on  the  left.  Lake  George  is  a  ]:)lace 
where  one  goes  with  the  idea  of  staying  two  or  three  days,  and  then — 
stays  two  or  three  wpeks.  The  charming  scenery  and  cheerful  Hotel 
(the  Fort  William  Henry)  present  perhaps  the  strongest  combination 
to  be  found  iu  our  country  of  immediate  beauty  and  comfort.  Near 
the  Hotel  are  the  ruins  of  old  Fort  William  Henry,  telling  a  sad  history 
of  the  past.  About  a  mile  to  tlie  south-east  are  the  ruins  of  Fort 
George,  It  has  been  christened  about  as  many  times  as  the  Hudson, 
and  like  the  Hudson  has  retained  its  prosiest  name.  The  Iroquois 
called  it  Audiata-rocte  i^the  lake  that  shuts  itself  in)  ;  by  other  tribes 
Canidere-oit  (the  tail  of  the  Lake,  as  a  part  of  Lake  Champlain). 
Father  Jaques,  traversing  it  in    1646,   during  tlie   festival    of   Corpus 

136 


Christi,  called  it  Lac  Sacrament.      Sii-  William  Jolinson,  serving  his 
king  with  greater  zeal  than  his  country,  styled  it  Lake  George.      Its 
most  poetical  name  was  Horicon — of  uncertain  origin,  said  to  signify 
silvery  water.      Lake  George   combines   various   attractions.      It  has 
something  of  interest  for  every  one,  including  a  descriptive  guide  book 
published  by  S.  R.  Stoddard,  which  will  make  one  feel  happy  all  the 
way  until  he  meets  ''Baldwin  :"  iheyi  his  destiny  is  secure.     Mr.  Stod- 
dard has  also  published  one  on  *'  Ticinderoga,''  illustrated  with  ori- 
ginal dr£lwings.      We  call  special  attention  to  these  guides,  as  they  are 
a  new  departure  in  the  right  direction.     Until  recently,  every  guide  of 
this  section  was  written  with  blood:  these  have  an  inspirat  on  of  beauty. 

PKIXCIPAL    ISLANDS. 

Two  miles  down  the  Lake  Tea  Island,  next  Diamond  ;  Long  Island, 
12  miles  from  Caldwell;  Dome  Island,  Kecluse  Island.  After  Bolton 
Landing  Ave  come  to  "  14-mile  Island  ;"  Shelving  Rock  on  the  east, 
and  Tongue  Mountain  opposite.  (These  form  the  entrance  to  the 
Narrows. )  This  is  the  most  picturesque  i^ortion  of  the  Lake ;  it  is 
at  this  placo  400  feet  deep.  Sabbath  Day  Point,  (where  Gen.  Aber- 
crombio  landed,  on  his  way  to  attack  the  French  one  Sabbath  morning), 
Bluff  Point,  Odell  IsTanl,  Scotch  Bonnet,  Anthony's  Nose,  on  the  east; 
and  Rogers'  Slide  on  the  west. 

ANOTHER  ROUTE  TO  LAKE  GEORGE.  • 

We  have  indicated  the  route  to  Lake  Georga  via  Glens  Falls  ;  there 
is  a  new  route  now  open,  which  we  will  indicate,  prefacing  it  with  the 
advice  to  tourists  who  make  the  lake  their  objective  point,  to  go  one 
way  and  return  the  other.  Instead  of  changing  cars  at  Fort  Edward 
for  Glens  Falls  the  tourist  proceeds  north  through  Dunham's  Basin, 
Smith's  Basin,  Fort  Ann  and  Comstock's  Landing,  Whitehall,  to  Fort 
Ticonderoga,  and  takes  steamer  Minnehaha  for  Fort  William  Henry 
Hotel.  Persons  who  go  this  route  can  return  to  Saratoga  via  Glens 
Falls,  or  vice  versa,  and  in  this  way  see  the  charming  country  on  both 
sides  of  the  lake. 

138 


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WHiTEHALii.  The  large  village  just  passed  through  is  "Whitehall,  at 
the  head  of  Lake  Champlaiu.  The  surroundings  are  very  romantic,  and 
fine  residences  are  perched  on  the  rocks,  and  along  the  hillsides,  re- 
minding one  of  a  foreign  town.  This  village  is  the  center  of  a  large 
lumber  trade,  and  has  a  location  quite  like  an  infant  Chicago  at  the 
head  of  Lake  Champlain.  Hall's  Hotel  is  located,  in  the  central  and  bu- 
siness part  of  the  town  ;  a  convenient  house  for  persons  traveling  either 
on  business  or  pleasure.     A  cut  of  it  is  here  given. 


HAIili  S   HOTEIi,    WHITEHAIilj. 

Hall's  new  Opera  House  is  one  of  the  finest  in  northern  Ne  v  York, 
having  a  seating  capacity  of  about  1,5C0. 

The  route  through  Whitehall,  via  Fort  Ticonderoga,  connects  at  Fort 
Ti  {as  it  is  generally  styled)  with  the  Lake  Champlain  steamers  for  Bur- 
lington, Plattsburgh,  Rouse's  Point,  and  Montreal. 

There  is  also  another  route  to  the  North  from  Whitehall,  by  rail  di- 
rect to  Montreal,  via  Rutland,  Burlington,  and  St.  Albans.  As  we  are 
now  on  the  lake  subject  we  will  speak  first  of 

140 


Lake  CHA:MPLArN.  This  beautiful  lake,  140  miles  in  length,  lies  be- 
tween the  AcliroD flacks  and  the  Green  Mountains.  After  leaving  Fort 
Ti  we  pass  Crown  point,  with  its  ruins,  the  lake  begins  to  expand,  and 
nine  miles  brings  us  to  Westport.  Three  miles  onward  we  pass  the 
beautiful  village  of  Essex  and  the  Four  Brother  Islands,  where  Arnold 
fought  his  jast  battle  with  Carlton.  We  pass  Shelbume  Bay  on  the 
right,  and  almost  in  the  track  of  the  steamer  rises  a  high,  conical  rock, — 
the  "Great  Eock  Eeggio,"  celebrated  in  colonial  annals,  and  believed 
to  have  been — long  before  the  days  of  Chamx^lain — established  by  treaty 
as  the  boundary  between  the  Mohawks  and  their  hereditary  enemies 
the  Algon quins. 

Burlington  is  a  beautiful  city,  having  a  tiue  location,  and  one  of  the 
most  popular  hotels  in  Vermont — the  "Van  Ness  House."  This  is  the 
plcasantest  place  on  the  route  to  stop  over.  It  is  the  pleasantest  and 
largest  city  in  Vermont,  and  the  "Van  Ness,"  with  its  popular  pioprie- 
tors,  Barber  &  Ferguson,  is  noted  as  the  iinest  resting-place  on  the  way 
to  the  Adirondacks  or  Montreal. 

There  are  many  tine  trips  to  be  taken  from  Burlington  to  Mount  Mans- 
field, Cam(4's  Hump,  and  Ausable  Chasm.  Some  two  or  three  years 
ago  we  passed  a  summer  afternoon  in  this  wonderful  ravine,  aiul  have 
been  trying  to  decide,  ever  since,  which  is  the  finer,  the  Ausable  or 
Watkins'  Glen.  We  met  a  gentleman,  and  scholar,  who  had  visited 
most  of  the  wild  ravines  of  Switzerland,  and  he  was  enthnsiastic  in  say- 
ing the  Ausable  was  the  finest  he  had  ever  seen.  Convenient  steps,  se- 
curely built,  conduct  one  from  ledge  to  ledge,  terminating  at  last,  hke 
a  trip  to  Hades,  in  a  small  boat  which  glides  down  the  stream  and  brings 
one  face  to  face  with  the  Devil's  Pulpit. 

We  refer  to  Plattsburgh  in  our  iiracle  on  the  Adirondacks,  and  we  close 
our  delightful  trip  up  Lake  Champlain  by  saying  that  the  Champlain 
by  daylight  is  a  pleasant  excursion.  It  connects  at  Ticonderoga  for 
Lake  George,  each  way  ;  at  Whitehall  with  Eensselaer  and  Sarato.^a 
Eailroad  ;  Burlington  with  Vermont  Central  for  Mount  Mansfield  and 
White  Mountains  :  at  Port. Kent  for  Keeseville  ;  at  Plattsburgh  for  the 
Adirondack  sporting  region;  at  Eouse's  Point  for  A Iburgh  Springs,  Mon- 
treal, Quebec,  and  Ogdensburgh. 

141 


LAKE  GHAMPLAIM  STEAMERS. 

The  Fashionable  Thoroughfare  and  Pleasure  Route 
between  New  York  and  Montreal, 

VERMONT, CapU  Geo.  BushlotO. 

ADIRONDACK,  "        Wm.  Anderson. 

CHAMPDAIN,    "        R  J,  White. 

A,   WILLIAMS, "        B.  J,  Holt. 

^^  forming  two  lines  daily  (Sunday  excepted)  between 

Fort  Ticonderoga  and  Rouses  Point. 

CONNECTIONS  : 

At  Fort  Ticonclerog'a,  with  trains  of  Kensselaer  and  Saratoga  Kail- 
road,  for  Lake  George,  Saratoga,  Troy,  Albany,  New  York,  and  all  Southern 
and  Western  points. 

At  Burliii;;-toii,  with  trains  of  Vermont  Central  Eailroad,  for  all  Eastern 
points,  and  the  Mountains  of  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire. 

At  Port  Keiit^  with  stages  for  Keeseville. 

At  PlattsB>ijrs"li,  with  trains  of  New  York  and  Canada  Eailroad,  for  the 
Hunting  and  Fishing  localities  of  the  Saranac  Lakes  and  the  Adirondack 
Wilderness. 

At  Rocif^C^  Point,  wnth  trains  of  0.  &  L.  C.  and  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
ways for  Ogdensburg,  Montreal,  Quebec,  and  all  points  in  Northern  Nev/ 
York  and  Canada. 

7^"  Tickets  and  information  furnished  at  the  principal  agencies  of  the 
Erie,  New  York  Central,  Hudson  Eiver,  and  Grand  Trunk  Eailroads,  in  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  St.  Louis,  Chicago,  Niagara  Falls,  Montreal; 
also  at  the  Home  Office  of  the  Hudson  Eiver  Day  Line,  and  on  board  the 
Hudson  Eiver  steamers,  and  at  the  principal  stations  of  all  connectiug  lines. 

The  Steanaers  composing  the  Line  are,  as  they  always  have  been,  models  of 
excellence,  neatness  and  comfort,  combining  all  modern  improvements,  and 
every  attention  is  paid  by  their  officers  to  the  patrons  of  the  route. 

A.  L.  INMAlSr,  G-eneral  Sup't. 


MONTREAL   AND   THE  ST.    LAWRENCE   RAPIDS. 

From  Whitehall,  as  we  before  stated,  there  are  two  routes  to  the 
north,  one  of  which  we  have  just  sketched:  the  other  now  awaits  our 
consideration. 

The  '' Rensselaer  and  Saratoga  Railroad,"  after  leaving  Whitehall, 
bends  to  the  east,  and  passes  through  the  villages  of  Fairhaven  and 
Hydeville,  with  their  ^^•ell-known  slate  quarries.  The  one  near  the 
depot  at  Fairhaven,  is  conducted  by  Mr.  R.  C.  Colburn;  and  the  one 
at  Hvdeville,  by  the  Forest  Mining  Company.  Hydevdlle  is  pleasantly 
situated.  Lake  Bomoseen  affords  good  fishing,  and  is  only  a  mile 
from  the  village.  Passing  thi'ough  Castleton  and  West  Rutland,  we 
come  to 

Rutland,  214:  miles  from  New  York.  This  is  the  centre  of  the  great 
marble-trade,  and  the  railroad  centre  of  Vermont.  The  pleasant  and 
j)opular  hotel,  the  "Bard well  House,"  is  handy  to  the  station,  and  is 
well  known  throughout  New  York  and  New  England  for  its  generous 
and  hospitable  management.  There  are  pleasant  drives  in  every  direc- 
tion, especially  the  route  to  the  Clarendon  and  the  Middletoicu  Healing 
Spring's.     Taking  the 

Rutland  Division  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  we  jjass 
north  through  Sutherland  Falls,  Pittsford,  Brandon,  Leicester  Janction, 
and  Salisbury,  to 

MiDDLEBURY,  -ftdtli  its  j^lcasaut  hotel,  the  "Addison  House."  From 
this  point  there  is  a  fine  drive  to  Lake  Dunmore.  The  next  stations  to 
the  north  are  Brooksville,  New  Haven,  and  Vergennes — the  oldest  city 
in  Vermont.  We  now  pass  Ferrisburgb,  North  Ferrisburgh,  Charlotte, 
and  Shelburne,  to 

Burlington,  which  we  saw  in  our  last  article,  with  its  pleasant  loca- 
tion on  the  lake.  It  rises  in  natural  terraces,  something  like  Newburgh, 
on  the  Hudson.  From  the  college  tower,  or  dome,  a  wide  extended 
view  is  obtained  of  the  city  and  lake,  and  the  distant  Adirondaeks;  to 
the  north  the  meadow  lands  of  the  winding  Winooski;  to  t'::e  east  the 
Nose  and  Chin  of  Mount  Mansfield.  The  summer  visitor  at  Burlington 
v,'ill  find  himself  within  easy  distance  of  a  number  of  delightful  resorts. 

14s 


The  "Van  Ness  House  "  is  a  fine  hotel,  central  in  location,  with  a  nice 
outlook  upon  lake  and  mountain.  It  is  the  largest  in  Burlington,  and 
will  rank  as  one  of  the  most  convenient  and  thoroughly  appointed 


VAN    NESS    HOUSE. 
D.  O.  Barber  i"v:  To.,  Proprietors. 


houses  in  New  England.     Eesuming  our  railway  journey  for  the  north, 
we  pass  through  Essex,  Milton,  Georgia,  and  minor  stations,  to 

St.  AiiBANS.  — This  village  is  situated  about  two  miles  from,  and  over- 
looks Lake  Champlain.  It  is  a  iovm  of  about  7,000  inhabitants,  and 
was  made  famous  during  the  rebellion  by  a  Canadian  raid.  It  is  a 
central  point  for  jDcrsons  eii  route  for  Alburgh  and  Shelden  Springs,  and 
has  a  large  and  magnificent  hotel — the  "Welden  House," — a  cut  of 
which  is  given  on  opposite  page.      Thomas  Lavendei*,  Proprietor. 

146 


m3^ 


^^mm^^i-  -^^^  -^^^  ^;^^# 


A  view  of  the  park  is  presented  on  the  previous  page,  fronting  the 
hotel;  also  the  fine  Railroad  Depot,  with  the  offices  of  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad.  For  this  view,  and  the  following  of  "  St.  Albans 
from  Prospect  Hill,"  and  the  "  Adirondacks  from  St.  Albans'  shore," 
we  are  indebted  to  the  generosity  and  kindness  of  Mr.  Albert  Clarke, 
editor  pi  St.  Albans  Messenger.  In  the  view  from  Prospect  Hill  we  see 
Bellevue  on  the  right,  Aldis  Hill  in  the  centre,  and  a  glimpse  of  Mis- 
sisquoi  Bay  on  the  left.  Mr.  Clarke  has  furnished  the  visitor  to  St. 
Albans  with  a  very  neat  and  comprehensive  guide,  copies  of  which 
may  be  had  at  the  Welden  House  and  news  stands.  Prom  Aldis  Hill, 
referred  to  in  '' Norwood,"  we  get  a  wide  view  of  the  lake.  One 
beautiful  Sabbath  evening,  we  visited  this  commanding  eminence; 
the  sky,  vith  broken  clouds,  seemed  like  a  sea  crowded  with  golden 
islands,  as  if  the  lake  itself  were  caught  up  and  transfigured  along  the 
entire  western  horizon.  The  "children  of  the  forest,"  who  lived  in 
eight  of  the  Catskills  and  the  Adirondacks,  caught  a  truer  revelation 
than  many  of  our  own  generation, 

"Of  the  islands  of  the  blessed, 
And  the  land  of  the  hereafter." 

Every  traveler  whose  route  passes  through  St.  Albans,  ought  cer- 
tainly to  stop,  if  the  day  bo  pleasant,  and  get  a  sunset  view,  which  is 
now  being  known  the  entire  country  over.  He  will  find  a  page  of  "  Pic- 
turesque America,"  which  needs  no  comment,  and  an  illustration  of 
these  descriptive  lines  of  Loch  Katrine. 

"  A  burnished  sheet  of  living  gold, 
In  all  its  length  far-winding  way 
Of  promontory,  creek,  and  bay, 
And  islands  that,  empurpled  bright, 
Floated  amid  the  livelier  light, 
And  mountains  that  like  giants  stand 
To  sentinel  enchanted  land." 

There  are  no  finer  sunsets  in  the  world  than  at  Burlington  and  St.  Al- 
bans. From  the  top  of  the  Van  Ness  House  at  Burlington,  we  once  sav/ 
the  beautiful  bay,  with  its  wide  expanse  reflecting  on  earth  the  glory 
of  heaven,     St.  Albans  is  three  hundred  and  forty-two  miles  from  New 

148 


York  by  the  route  we  have  indicated,  via  the  Hudson  Kiver,  Saratoga, 
Butland,  and  Burlington;  two  hundred  and  sixty-four  miles  from  Bos- 
ton, and  sixty-five  miles  south  of  Montreal.  St.  Albans  is  a  natural 
centre  to  the  tourist  en  7'oute  for  Sheldon,  Highgate,Alburgh  Springs,  etc. 
The  Central  Vermont  Eailroad  have  a  pleasant  route  to  Ogdens- 
burgh,  where  a  person  can  connect  with  steamers  for  Thousand  Islands 
and  return  via  St.  Lawrence  Eapids  to  Montreal. 

The  Rapids. — The  first  rapid  below  Ogdensburgh  is  near  Chimney 
Island;  the  next,  the  rapids  of  the  Long  Sault,  nine  miles  in  length. 
Here  the  river  runs  twenty  miles  an  hour.  Then  the  Coteau  Kapids, 
below  Grand  Island;  then  the  Lachine  Rapids,  below  the  town  of  La- 
chine,  only  nine  miles  from  Montreal. 

AiiBUEGH  Speings,  is  a  pleasant  resort  for  boating,  shooting,  and 
fishing,  seventeen  miles  from  St.  Albans  via  this  line.  At  Rouses  Point 
connections  are  made  with  Lake  Champlain  steamers  on  the  south, 
and  Montreal  on  the  north.  Going  north,  via  the  direct  line  to  Mon- 
treal, we  pass  through  Highgate  Springs,  with  its  pleasant  Franklin 
House,  St.  Johns,  and  towns  of  minor  importance  to 

MoNTKEAii,  three  hours  run  from  St.  Albans,  four  hundred  and 
twenty  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  situated  on  the  south  side  of  an 
island,  thirty  miles  in  length,  and  ten  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  The 
tourist  will  first  locate  himself  at  the  "St.  Lawrence  Hall,"  and  put 
himself  in  substantial  preparation  for  seeing  one  of  the  finest  cities  in 
the  new  world.  This  hotel  is  the  largest  and  most  central  in  the  city, 
being  capable  of  accommodating  five  hundred  guests.  It  is  always 
the  home  of  his  Excellency,  the  Governor  General  of  Canada,  during 
his  visits  to  Montreal;  and  the  United  States  Consul  makes  his  resi- 
dence in  the  bouse.  During  the  past  winter,  it  has  been  entirely  re- 
furnished, and  several  improvements  made.  In  a  word,  it  is  the  most 
fashionable  and  commodious  in  the  city,  and  has  the  patronage  of  the 
best  class  of  tourists  and  business  men.  Old  guests  will  still  recognize 
the  pleasant  countenances  and  superior  management  of  Mr.  C.  B. 
Chadwick,  formerly  with  Mr.  Hogan;  and  Mr.  J.  T.  Burkholder,  for- 
merly of  the  Rossin  House,  Toronto. 

150 


Montreal  has  a  pleasing  appearance,  and  seems  to  be  a  happy  city. 
It  is  well  called  the  City  of  Churches.  The  Cathedral  of  Notre  Dame, 
capable  of  seating  from  ten  to  twelve  thousand  people,  with  its  twin 
towers  and  Gothic  architecture,  is  said  to  resemble  "  our  Mother 
Church,"  on  the  banks  of  the  Seine.  In  one  of  these  towers  is  a  chime 
of  bells  ;  in  the  other  the  largest  bell  on  the  Western  Continent, 

The  paintings  in  the  Church  of  the  Jesuits  are  magnificent.  St.  Pat- 
rick's and  many  others  will  repay  a  visit.     Victoria  Bridge  is  often 


ST.  liAWKENCE   HALL. 
F.  Gerikkn,  Proprietor. 

styled  the  eighth  wonder  of  the  world  ;  an  iron  tube  two  miles  in  length 
resting  on  twenty-four  piers.  Mount  Royal,  which  gave  its  name  to 
the  city,  is  a  fine  drive,  and  commands  extensive  views  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. We  would  also  mention  the  McGill  College  University,  Bank 
of  Montreal,  Mount  Royal  Cemetery,  the  Markets  and  fine  stone 
Wharves,  as  interesting  points  to  visit.  Among  the  different  mercan- 
tile establishments  we  may  mention  Savage,  Lyman  &  Co. ,  Jewelers  ; 
house  established  in  1818.  Also  the  well  known  clothing  house  of 
Gibb  &  Co,  the  oldest  establishment  on  the  continent ;  established  1775. 
There  is  a  marked  civility  of  Montreal  citizens  toward  strangers,  and 
every  one  comes  away  bringing  with  them  something  ichicJi  is  not  duti- 
able, viz.,  the  pleasantest  of  recollections. 

152 


THE  GREEN  MOUNTAINS. 

If  any  section  of  our  country  is  appropriately  named,  that  section  is 
Vermont.  Very  few  of  the  origidial  thirteen  States,  and  the  later 
twenty-three,  or  the  "daughters  of  the  wilderness"  pining  for  the 
Union,  have  names  which  mean  anything  in  pai-ticular.  Like  Mr. 
WeUer's  initial,  most  of  the  names  have  depended  "  wery  much  on  the 


taste  of  the  speller.''  A  few  carry  with  them  a  fragment  of  history,  an 
Indian  tradition,  or  a  morsel  of  royal  flattery.  (Virginia,  in  memory 
of  the  Virgin  Queen.  Pennsylvania,  in  memory  of  a  generous-hearted 
man.  New  York,  in  memory  of  the  white  rose  of  a  triumphant 
house  after  the  long  struggles  of  York  and  Lancaster.  Maryland, 
Louisiana,  Carolina,  also  of  individual  interest.     Massachusetts,   Con- 

154 


necticut,  Alabama,  kc,  of  Indian  origin).  It  was  reserved  for  almost 
the  extreme  Northern  and  Southern  State,  Florida,  the  land  of  flowers, 
and  Vermont,  the  land  of  mountains,  to  syllable  their  condensed  char- 
acteristics ;  no  one  will  ever  need  to  consult  history  to  appreciate  their 
significance  ;  and  as  Florida  year  by  year  becomes  more  and  more  the 
tendency  of  winter  resort,  so  more  and  more  Vermont  calls  the  summer 
tourist  to  her  beautiful  valleys,  clear  streams  and  mountain  shadows. 
From  end  to  end  extends  a  chain  of  mountains.  Like  a  furrow  turned 
up  by  the  Titans,  or  a  burial  mound  of  giants,  this  immense  ridge  of 
green  (from  two  to  five  thousand  feet  high)  slopes  on  the  west  to  the 
blue  waters  of  Cham^Dlain,  and  and  on  the  east  to  the  fertile  valley  of 
the  Connecticut.  TVe  propose  in  this  hasty  sketch  to  speak  in  the 
order  following  of  Manchester,  Clarendon  Springs,  Middletown  Springs, 
Vergennes,  Sto-we,  and  the  "Wliite  Mountains. 

MANCPIESTEE. 

The  routes  from  New  York  and  the  South  are  via  the  Hudson  Eiver 
steamboats,  or  Hudson  River  Raikoad,  to  Troy,  and  from  Troy  via  Troy 
and  Boston  Railroad.  From  Saratoga  nd  Troy,  and  also  vi't  Rutland. 
From  Boston  vv/  Fitchburg,  Bellows  Falls  and  Rutland,  or  ria  Boston 
and  Albany  Railroads  to  Chatham  Four  Corners,  thence  by  Harlem 
Extension  to  Manchester,  From  Rutland  i-i'i  Harlem  Extension  Rail- 
road.    From  Burlington  via  Rutland  and  Harlem  Extension. 

From  St.  Albans,  Missisquoi  Springs,  Highgate  Springs,  Montjielier, 
Stowe,  Xe^v]>ort,  Plattsburg.  and  all  points  North,  by  Vermont  Central 
Railroad  or  Steamers  to  Burlington,  thence  by  Railroad  to  Manchester. 

From  Middletown  Springs,  Clarendon  Springs,  White  Mountains, 
Lake  George,  etc. ,  by  Railroad  from  Rutland  to  Manchester. 

From  St.  Louis,  Chicago,  Niagara  Falls,^  and  all  points  West,  by  N.  Y. 
Central  Raih-oad  to  Troy, — Troy  and  Boston  and  Harlem  Extension 
Railroads  to  Manchester, 

This  village  is  nicely  shaded,  and  has  the  finest  promenades 
conceivable,  being  paved  with  slabs  of  white  marble  from  the  neigh- 
boring quarries.  On  Main  street  are  situated  the  bank,  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  the  court-house,   post-office,  and,  centrally  located,  the 

155 


''Equinox  House,"  Mr.  F.  H.  Orvis,  proprietor,  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  which  are  the  telegraph  and  the  office  of  the  JSLulckester 
Jour)i(il.  It  is  published  by  D.  K.  Simonds,  Proi3rietor,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  reliable  local  newspapers  in  the  State.  The  Episcopal  church 
and  Congregational  are  a  success.  There  is  also  a  flourishing  Masonic 
lodge  and  a  Chapter  (Adoniram,  F.  A.  M.)  The  Music  Hall,  erected  by 
the  proprietor  of  the  Equinox,  is  the  finest  building,  of  the  kind,  in  Ver- 
mont, and  here  are  enjoyed  concerts,  tableaux,  theatricals,  and  readings, 
both  private  and  public.  Mr.  Orvis  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Putnam 
House,  Palatka,  Florida,  a  fine  hotel  open  from  November  to  May. 


THE   EQTTTNOX    HOFST?. 

The  Equinox  House  is  one  of  the  most  successful  hotels  in  our 
country  ;  and  this  success  is  not  only  due  to  location,  but  also  to  the 
cleanliness  of  every  thing  connected  with  it,  and  its  liberally  supi^lied 
table.  Every  thing  from  billiards  to  fine  drives,  from  bowling-alleys  to 
fine  scenery,  from  trout  fishing  to  marble  quarries,  from  mountain  wild- 
ness  to  marble  pavements,  Manchester  possesses.     Those  who  love  trout 

fishing  will  find  no  finer  spot  to  spend  the  cummer;  and  Mr.  Charles  Orvis, 

156 


of  Manchester  keeps  everything  needed  for  the  friends  of  Izaak  Walton. 
The  mountains  abound  with  wild  and  picturesque  glens,  made  familiar 
by  the  pencils  of  Durand,  Boughton,  Tyler,  and  Boutelle.  There  is  no 
finer  view  of  lake  and  mountain  scenery  than  one  gets  from  Mount 
Equinox  or  Mount  Dorset,  and  the  pedestrian  has  no  difficulty  in  as- 
cending any  of  the  loftiest  jDeaks.  We  have  probably  visited  Man- 
chester twenty  times,  and  we  can  see  why  it  often  turns  the  tourist 
aside  even  from  his  regular  course,  for  it  is  safe  to  say  that  for  fine 
management  and  cuisine  the  "Equinox  "  holds  the  same  place  among 
Summer  Hotels,  that  the  Idassr.soit  House  of  Springfield  does  with  the 
general  traveler,  and  we  know  of  no  higher  praise  than  this.  The  great 
conundrum  has  been  how  to  get  there  ;  the  best  route  (which  we  have 
abeady  indicated)  is  via  Hudson  River  to  Troy,  either  by  boat  or  cars  ; 
thence  via  Troy  and  Boston  Eailroad,  to  Bennington,  a  town  of  historic 
interest,  and  so  via  Hurleni  Exteusiou  division  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad  to  Manchester.  The  road  i^asses  through  magnificent  scenery, 
and  fiuniishes  a  fine  route  v>'<i  Troy  to  the  "V\lute  Mountains,  and  many 
go  this  route  in  order  to  take  Manchester  by  the  way.  Persons  from 
Saratoga  Springs  and  Lake  George,  can  take  the  Rensselaer  and 
Saratoga  Railroad  to  Rutland,  and  then  f:outh  about  thirty  miles  to 
Manchester.  Rutland  and  Burlington  seem  to  be  natural  centres  for 
the  watering  places  on  the  Western  slojoe  of  the  Green  Mountains.  Near 
Rutland  are  two,  well  kno\\u  to  the  public  for  many  years,  Clarendon 
Springs,  and  Middletown  Springs. 

Clarendon  Springs  has  a  delightful  location,  about  seven  miles  fi'om 
Rutland,  and  has  a  fin<^  Hotel,  the  Chirendon  House,  conducted  by 
Messrs.  B.  Murray  &  Sons.  The  main  Hotel  and  three  cottages  all  within 
speaking  distance,  will  accommodate  250  guests.  A  fine  la^^^^  with 
beautiful  pond  and  fountain  in  the  centre,  nicely  shaded  with  trees  of 
forty  years  gi'owth  form  a  Park,  about  which  the  Hotel  and  Cottages 
cluster.  It  is  one  of  the  most  rural  and  quiet  spots,  to  which  we  call 
attention  in  this  hand-book;  just  the  place  to  find  rest  and  health; 
far  enough  away  from  a  railroad  to  hear  the  echo  of  a  steam  whistle, 
"Shut  in  by  hills  from  the  mde  world,"  and  still  possessing  all  the 

157 


requisites  of  civilization,  to  wit:  Croquet  Grounds,  Bowling  Alley,^, 
Billiards,  and  an  office  of  the  Western  Telegraph  Company  in  the  House. 
There  is  a  fine  farm  of  170  acres,  owned  and  conducted  by  the  Pro- 
prietors, with  a  certainty  of  fresh  vegetables  and  pure  milk.  The  wa*lks 
and  drives  are  pleasant  in  every  direction.  The  principal  marble  and 
slate  quarries,  of  Vermont,  are  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  from  three  to 
ten  miles.  Many  prominent  peaks  and  spurs  of  the  Green  Mountains, 
are  within  a  few  miles,  and  may  be  seen  from  the  hills  that  surround 
the  springs,  Killington,  Pico,  Shrewbury,  Birds  Eye  Peak,  &c.  These 
springs  are  situated  on  the  Tinmouth  River,  a  beautiful  stream  clear 
as  crystal.  They  were  discovered  in  a  historic  year,  1776,  and  have  been 
visited  for  over  fifty-years.  The  medicinal  properties  are  highly  re- 
commended for  bilious  complaints,  dyspepsia,  and  all  cutaneous  dis- 
orders. From  fifteen  hundred  to  twenty-five  hundred  people  visit  them 
every  year.  All  who  are  tired  of  the  dress  routine  of  life,  would  do 
well  to  spend  one  Summer  among  these  charming  hUls,  "where  every 
breeze  breathes  health,  and  every  sound  is  but  the  echo  of  tranquillity." 
Their  location  is  very  accessible  from  the  prominent  cities  of  New 
York  and  New  England,  being  about  240  miles  from  New  York,  170 
from  Boston,  90  from  Albany,  60  from  Saratoga,  and  25  from  Whitehall. 
Passengers  via  Troy  and  Saratoga,  will  find  coaches  in  waiting  at  West 
Rutland,  or  a  pleasant  drive  by  livery  from  Rutland. 

MiDDLETOWN  Spkings  is  about  six  miles  from  the  pleasant  village  of 
Poultney,  about  nine  miles  from  Clarendon  Springs,  and  fifteen  from 
Rutland  ;  a  fine  drive  from  either  point  by  livery.  Stages  run  fi'om  Rut- 
land and  Poultney,  connecting  with  the  trains.  The  Hotel  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  a  competent  business  man,  Mr.  D.  Doolittle.  Passengers  from 
New  York  will  go  via  Eagle  Bridge  to  Poultney,  or  via  Saratoga  Springs 
and  Lake  George  to  Rutland;  from  Boston,  New  Haven,  &c.,  via  Brattle- 
boro'  and  Bellows  Falls  to  Rutland. 

The  Springs  are  situated  in  Rutland  County,  Vermont,  on  the 
Poultney  River,  which  is  a  small  stream  tributary  to  Lake  Champlain. 
During  the  last  three  years  the  fame  of  the  Middletown  Spring  Waters 
has  spread  so  rapidly  that  every  one  is  anxious  to  know  where  "  Middle- 

158 


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town"  is,  and  what  are  its  surroundings.  These  waters  have  wrought- 
so  many  triumphs  over  disease,  that  the  last  two  summers  have  brought 
crowds  to  these  Springs,  although  there  was  by  no  means  a  hotel  of 
suitable  accommodation.  Now  the  wants  of  the  public  are  satisfied. 
A  magnificent  and  commodious  hotel  has  been  erected,  and  has  been 
christened  by  the  beautiful  name  "Montvert."  The  vili.age,  nestled 
among  the  green  hills  of  Vermont,  with  its  healing  waters,  pure 
atmosphere  and  cool  nights,  is  famous  as  a  quiet,  healthful,  summer 
resort,  and  a  most  desirable  place  of  rest  and  recreation  for  the  invalid 
and  pleasure-seeker.  The  surrounding  mountains,  hills,  valleys,  and 
groves  are  as  full  of  the  genii  of  health  as  ever  a  fairy  fountain  or  grove 
of  the  genii  of  beauty.  The  drives  in  every  direction  are  unsurpassed. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  one  from  Poultney  to  Middletown.  The  road 
follows,  most  of  the  way,  a  stream  which  winds,  now  through  meadow- 
land,  and  now  dashes  through  rocks  and  narrow  channels.  The  road 
rises  to  the  east,  and  we  will  never  forget  the  beautiful  sunset  we  once 
saw  returning  to  Poultney  from  the  springs.  We  present  here  a  fine 
cut  of  the  Montvert.  The  furnishings  of  the  house  are  all  new.  The 
rooms  and  hallways,  spacious,  cheerful,  and  well  ventilated,  embracing 
pleasant  apartments  for  about  three  hundred  guests.  The  building  is 
lighted  throughout  with  gas.  The  Springs  near  the  hotel  have  grown 
rapidly  in  popular  favor,  and  these,  together  with  the  fine  hotel,  will 
insure  the  success  of  ''Middletown." 

Veegennes. — Between  Butland  and  Burlington,  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Bailroad,  are  three  points  of  interest;  Middlebury,  with  its 
pleasant  Addison  House;  Lake  Dunmore,  and  Vergennes,  the  first  in- 
corporated city  of  Vermont.  Although  a  city  by  name,  it  is  only  a 
fine  village  in  reality,  and  a  delightful  place  of  summer  resort.  The 
surrounding  country  is  romantic,  and  full  of  historic  interest,  as  con- 
nected with  the  fleet  of  McDonough  and  old  Ethan  Allen.  Grand 
View  Mountain  is  within  a  pleasant  drive  and  gives,  in  truth,  a  grand 
view  of  Lake  Champlain,  the  White  and  Green  Mountains,  the  distant 
Adirondacks,    and  extended  views  of    the   Champlain  Valley.      The 

Stevens  House  S.  S.  Gaines  Proprietor,  has  long  been  known  as  one  of 

i6o 


tlie  very  best  in  Vermont.     It  lias  been  placed  this  season  in  superior 
condition  for  the  reception  of  visitors. 

Otter  Creek  here  assumes  the  proportions  of  a  good  sized  river,  and 
has  a  fine  fall  within  a  few  rods  of  the  Hotel.  The  route  to  Vergennes, 
from  NeAV  York  and  Albany,  is  via  Troy,  Saratoga  Springs,  and 
!Butlau<l,  as  we  have  already  indicated.  From  Boston  via  White  Rivt  r 
Junction,  and  Burlington  or  via  Bellows  Falls  and  Rutland  ;  from  the 
Canadas,  White,  and  Franconia  Mountains  via  Burlington.  Resuming 
our  way  north  now  to  Burlington,  we  take  a  good  rest  at  the  famous 


^..fft  m  iWLJJU&J.  f:'f '1 


The  Stevens  House,  S.  S.  Gaines,  Proprietor. 

"Van  Ness   House,"  register  our  names  in  the  pleasantest  office  in 
Vermont,  and  ask  our  friend  Mr,  Ferguson  the  best  way  to 

Stowe.  He  will  tell  us  to  '*  take  the  cars  to  Essex  Junction,  change 
for  the  Central  Vermont  going  East,  with  a  pleasant  hour's  run  to 
Waterbury,  and  by  Stage  through  a  pleasant  country,  eight  miles  to 
Stowe. "  The  Stage  Line  from  Waterbury  to  Stowe  is  the  best  conducted 
in  New  England,  not  excepting  even  the  White  Mountain  Lines.  The 
Livery  and  Stage  Line  are  supplied  with  one  hundred  and  fifty  or  two 
hundred  first-class  horses.     On  reaching  Waterbury  be  sure  and  take 

i6i 


the  stage  to  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete  summer  hotels  in  the 
State. 

STOWE  AND  MOUNT  MANSFIELD. 
The  ride  from  Waterbury  to  Stowe  is  pronounced  charming  by  every 
one,  and  forms  a  fine  preface  to  the  book  of  Landscape  Beauty  which 
^^e  are  about  to  open.  Li  the  distance  we  see  old  Mansfield,  with  Nose 
and  Chin  rising  above  the  other  mountains,  that  silent  sentinel  of  the 
State  which  looks  upon  every  county  from  Frankhn  to  Bennington,  and 
counts  the  stars  as  they  pass  in  "nightly  journey  "  from  the  White 
Mountains  to  the  Adirondacks.  Under  this  mountain,  and  only  eight 
miles  from  the  summit,  is  situated  the  charming  country  village  of 
Stowe — and  here  is  the  famous  mount  Mansfield  Hotel,  under  the  suc- 


MOtTNT  MANSFIELD    HOTEL. 

cessful  management  of  N.  P.  Keeler.  This  new  hotel  has  rooms  for 
four  hundred  guests.  They  are  large  and  cheerful,  and  in  suits  or 
private  parlors,  as  may  be  desired.  An  extensive  livery  is  connected  with 
the  hotel  and  abundant  stable  room  for  those  who  desire  their  own 
teams.  Also  billiard  tables,  bowling  alleys,  ct/e,  croquet  grounds  and 
theatre.     Telegraph  office  near  the  hotel.     A  carriage  road  has  been 

162 


constructed  to  the  suminit  of  Mount  Mansfield  (about  five  thousand 
feet  high),  on  which  is  an  excellent  hotel,  making  the  most  delightful 
mountain  trip  possible. 

The  walks  and  drives  cannot  be  surpassed.  Sunset  Hill,  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  hotel,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  mountains  and  sur- 
rounding country.  The  drives  are  fine — Mount  Mansfield,  eight  miles  ; 
Smuggler's  Notch,  one  of  the  most  wild  and  romantic  places  in  the 
country,  eight  miles  ;  Bingham's  Falls,  five  miles  ;  Moss  Glen  Falls, 
three  and  one-half  miles;  Gold  Brook,  three  miles;  "West  Hill,  two 
miles ;  Morrisville  Falls,  eight  miles  ;  Johnson's  Falls,  twelve  miles  ; 
Nebraska,  six  miles. 

The  proprietors  wi  sh  also  to  state  that  board  will  be  at  a  reduced 
price  in  harmony  with  the  downward  tendency  of  values,  and  are  de- 
termined not  to  be  excelled  in  attention  and  courtesy  to  guests.  The 
Summit  House  on  the  top  of  Mount  Mansfield  can  accommodate  about 
one  hundred.  From  this  highest  mountain  peak  of  Vermont  the  eye 
ranges  over  a  wide  extent  of  country;  to  the  north  the  valley  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  west  the  Champlain,  with  the  rival  mountains  of  New 
York,  Marcy  and  Seward,  to  the  south,  Camel's  Hump,  Killington  Peak 
and  the  grand  old  Ascutney  overlooking  Windsor  and  the  valley  of  the 
Connecticut,  and  sixty  miles  to  the  east  the  White  and  Franconia 
mountains.  If  enthusiasm  is  ever  pardoned,  the  view  from  this  moun- 
tain may  well  speak  its  apology. 

Taking  the  cars  again  at  Waterbury,  we  pursue  our  route,  either  via 
White  River  Junction,  or  via  Wells  River  to  the 

White  Mountains. — The  first  hotel  of  this  mountain  region,  is  the 
"Twin  Mountain  House,"  well  known  to  the  pubhc  by  a  successful 
four  years  administration.  From  this  point,  the  traveler  can  arrange 
his  route  to  the  Crawford  House,  to  the  summit  by  Elevated  Railroad, 
to  the  Falran,  and  to  the  Profile.  The  Crawford  House  is  only  nine 
miles  distant;  the  "Profile,"  sixteen;  the  "  Waumbeck,"  eleven;  the 
"Glen  House,"  thirty. 

The  route  to  the  "  Summit "  is  now  made  easy  by  the  Mount  Wash- 
ington Railroad.  The  Boston,  Concord,  Montreal,  and  WTiite  Moun- 
tain Railroad  Company,  have  pushed  their  line  into  the  very  heart  of 

163 


the  White  Mountains,  and  the  route  can  now  be  made  in  half  the  time, 
compared  with  the  long  stage-lines  of  ten  or  twelve  years  ago.  The 
summit  of  Mount  Washington  is  6,285  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea; 
and  we  will  leave  you  there,  safe  and  sec  are,  bej^ond  even  the  reach  of 
a  rhetorical  sentence. 


Names  and  heights  of  the  different  Mountains: 
Mount  Washington, 
*'     Adams, 
*'      Jefferson, 
"      Madison, 
**     Monroe, 
"     Clay, 
"      Franklin, 
"     Pleasant, 
'^     Clinton, 
*'     Jackson, 
"     Webster, 

164 


6,285  feet. 

5,800  " 

5,700  " 

5,400  '* 

5,400  " 

5,400  '' 

4,900  '* 

4,800  " 

4,200  *' 

4,100  " 

4,000  *' 


Kourid  Mill 


f 


NORTHAMPTON,  MASS. 

IRAT*    FULLER,     ....     Superintendent, 


"Paradise  of  America."  Jenny  Lind. 

Tlie  finest  scenery  in  America. 

Afi^nnt?  Holyoke,  Tom,  Nonotuck,  Toby,  Siigar-Loaf,  with  connecting  ranges, 
encircling  tlie  famed  Nbrtliampton  Meadows,  a  radius  of  twenty  miles,  all  in  full 
view  from  the  piazza  of  this  hotel. 

The  grounds  comprise  the  finest  groves,  drives,  walks  and  lawns,  with  the 
linest  water,  perfect  drainage,  &c.  Billiards,  Bowling-Alley,  Gymnasium  and 
Boating. 

Grand  stopping-oft"  place  for  all  tourists  to  and  from  Saratoga,  Lake  Greorge.. 
Montreal,  Quebec  and  the  White  Mountains,  and  on  the  direct  route  of  the  most 
popular  excursion  trip  in  America. 

Terms  reasonable;  send  stamp pr  Tourists^  Guide.     Coaches  always  in 
attendance  at  all  trains. 


NEW  YOEK  AND  HAELEM  EAILKOAD. 

C.  M.  BissELL,  Superintendent.    (Office,  Grand  Central  Depot.) 

The  Harlem  Railroad  is  one  of  tlie  pleasantest  routes  for  northern 
travelers,  and  presents  the  most  direct  route  to  Lake  Mahopac,  Lebanon 
Springs,  and  Manchester.  Leaving  New  York  we  pass  through  Harlem, 
Mott  Haven,  Melrose,  Morrisania  (where  Rodman  Drake  lies  buried), 
Tremont,  Fordham  (with  its  St.  Mary's  Church,  Jesuit  College,  and 
famous  Jerome  Park),  to  William's  Bridge.  Then  past  Woodlawn 
Cemetery,  West  Mount  Vernon,  Tuckahoe,  Scarsdale,  and  Hart's 
Corners,  to  White  Plains,  twenty-six  miles  from  New  York.  Passing 
through  Kensico,  Unionville,  Pleasantville,  Chappaqua  (home  of  the 
late  Horace  Greeley),  we  come  to  Mount  Kisco,  forty  miles  from  New 
York.  Next,  Bedford  and  Katonah,  to  Golden's  Bridge,  where  pas- 
sengers connect  with  Lake  Mahopac  Branch.  This  route  of  seven 
miles,  substituted  for  the  old  stage-line  from  Croton  Falls,  makes  this 
beautiful  lake  one  of  the  handiest  summer  resorts  to  the  metropolis. 
The  next  stations  are  Purdy's,  Croton  Falls,  Brewster's,  Dykeman's, 
Towner's,  Patterson,  and  Pawling  (where  hungry  travelers  have  ten 
minutes  for  refreshments).  Passing  South  Dover,  Dover  Plains,  with 
its  famous  "Wells,"  and  "Stone  Church,"  and  Wassaic,  we  come  to 
Amenia,  which  justly  boasts  the  finest  location  of  any  village  on  the 
Harlem  route. 

The  Amenia  Seminary  is  a  fine  institution,  conducted  by  Professor 
S.  T.  Frost,  of  the  class  of  1857,  Yale.  During  the  summer  season  the 
Seminary  building  will  be  open  for  city  boarders. 

Passing  through  Sharon  Station,  we  come  to  Millerton,  connecting 
with  Connecticut  Western  for  Poughkeej^sie,  Newburgh,  and  Hartford. 
The  next  station  is  Copake,  with  its  iron  works,  and  Bash-Bish  Water- 
fall. Then  Hillsdale,  apj)ropriately  named;  Craiyville,  Martindale,  and 
Philmont,  with  its  fine  view  of  the  Catskills;  then  Ghent,  to  Chatham 
Village,  connecting  with  trains  for  Albany,  Boston,  and  Harlem  Exten- 
sion. The  villages  along  the  entire  line  are  all  popular  with  summer 
boarders,  for  there  is  no  valley  healthier  than  that  which  lies  under  the 
chain  of  hills  which  separate  New  York  from  New  England. 

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EORT  EDWARD  INSTITUTE^ 

FORT  ED  WARD.   NE  W  YORK. 


JOS.   E.   KING,   D.D., 


Frincipal. 


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English, per      ^^  term  13  weeks. 


"^^  $60.00  for     %^  Board  and     <^ 


Fall  Term  begins  Sept.  2.6  ;       Winter  Term,  Dec.  gth. 


Easy  of  access,  Location  unsurpassed,  Buildings  commodious, 
secures  the  best  of  Instructors,  Terms  exceedingly  moderate,  six 
Courses  of  Study  :  Commercial,  Scientific,  Classical,  Eclectic, 
College  Preparatory  and  Professional  Preparatory,  or  the  stu- 
dent may  select  any  three  Studies. 

♦ 

"  The  largest  and  best  sustained  Boarding  School  in  the  State  of  New  York." 
—  Yale  Courant,  1867. 

"Fort  Edward  Institute  is  one  of  the  safest,  most  healthy  and  desirable  In- 
stitutions of  our  time." — Report  of  Committee,  1868. 

"Is  worthy  of  the  extended  patronage  it  receives." — Dr.  Wlckham,  1870. 

"We  take  pleasure  in  commending  it  to  all  as  being  such  a  School  as  the 
times  demand." — Report  of  JExaminbig  Committee,  1872. 

"  Furnishes  the  greatest  literary  privileges  to  the  largest  number  consistent 
with  a  vigorous  material  efficiency." — RepoH  of  Committee,  1873. 

"  One  of  the  finest  and  most  ably  managed  Educational  Institutions  of  its 
Class,  in  this  country. " — Dr.  Sears'  National  Quarterly,  1874. 

For  Catalogues  or  Rooms,'  address  the  Principal. 


HAELEM  EXTENSION  RATLKOAD. 

F.  C.  White,  Superintendent.    (Ofllce,  Rutland,  Vt.) 

The  Lebanon  Valley  and  the  range  of  the  Green  Mountains  are  the 
two  great  features  of  this  route.  The  two  finest  summer  resorts  are 
Lebanon  Springs  and  Manchester.  Taking  the  cars  at  Chatham  Village, 
we  pass  north  through  Rider's  MiUs,  Brainard,  West  Lebanon,  and  New 
Lebanon,  to  Lebanon  Springs.  The  Lebanon  Valley  is  bounded  on  the 
east  by  the  Berkshire  Hills,  and  on  the  south  and  west  by  the  West 
Range.  To  the  Northwest  the  Valley  reaches  away  in  fertile  beauty  to 
the  pleasant  village  of  Nassau,  on  the  road  to  Albany.  "Columbia 
Hall,"  Daniel  Gale,  proprietor,  has  a  delightful  location. 

The  Shakers  of  Mount  Lebanon  vdU  also  repay  a  visit.  They  num- 
ber some  six  hundred  persons,  and  have  possession  of  some  six  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  devoted  to  farming  purposes;  gardens  for  seeds, 
fruits,  &c.,  which  are  everywhere  famed  for  their  quality.  Passing 
through  Stephentown,  North  Stcphentown,  Berlin,  and  Petersburgh, 
we  come  to  the  junction  of  the  Troy  and  Boston  Railroad;  and  winding 
between  the  hills  we  come  to  Bennington,  ■with  its  historic  associations 
and  memory  of  old  Ethan  Allen.  The  view  from  Mount  Anthony  is 
very  fine;  and  the  **  Walloomsac  Hotel,"  in  the  "old  village,"  is  very 
pleasant. 

Passing  through  North  Bennington,  with  the  fine  residence  and 
grounds  of  T.  W.  Park;  Shaftsbury,  and  Arlington,  we  come  to  Sunder- 
land; and  soon,  under  the  base  of  the  Equinox  Mountain,  see  the  white 
streets  of  Manchester,  which  we  have  already  described  in  our  article 
on  the  Green  Mountains.  We  are  now  in  the  great  marble  section  of 
Vermont,  and  see  the  white  quarries  of  Mount  Dorset.  The  North 
Dorset  Marble  Works  of  Whitney  &  Luther  are  prepared  to  furnish  the 
finest  monuments  of  Vermont  Italian  marble.  Passing  through  Danby, 
South  Wallingford,  Wallingford,  and  Clarendon,  we  come  to  Rutland, 
connecting  with  the  Vermont  Central  for  Burlington,  Plattsburgh,  St. 
Albans,  and  Montreal.  There  is  no  railroad  in  our  country  that  has 
greater  charms  of  scenery  than  the  Harlem  Extension;  and  a  trip 
through  the  Green  Mountains  is  as  good  as  an  excursion  through  the 
Trosachs  of  Scotland.  j^_ 


THE  POUGHKEEPSIE  AND  EASTEEN,   AND  THE  CON- 
NECTICUT WESTERN  RAILROADS. 

FROM  THE   HUDSON  TO  THE  CONNECTICUT. 

In  some  particulars,  the  Hudson  and  the  Connecticut  might  be  con- 
sidered "Twin  Rivers."  They  have  their  source  in  the  same  stamp  of 
mountains,  the  Adirondacks  of  New  York,  and  the  White  Mountains 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  they  flow  side  by  side  their  whole  course,  sep- 
arated by  only  one  hundred  miles  of  parallel  valleys  and  mountains. 
The  majestic  beauty  of  the  Hudson  is  considerably  toned  down  and 
softened  in  the  giaceful  outline  and  quiet  valleys  of  the  Connecticut; 
no  wonder,  then,  that  these  representations  of  true  manhood,  and 
womanhood  proposed  "  a  more  perfect  union,"  and  entered  into 
''bonds"  for  a  "ligature"  at  Poughkeepsie  and  Hartford;  or,  to  de- 
scend from  poetry  to  facts,  from  allegory  to  alluvial  prose,  these  two 
valleys  are  happily  united  by  the  Poughkeepsie  and  Eastern  Railroad, 
and  the  Connecticut  Western.  It  has  been  our  pleasant  privilege  to 
pass  over  this  route  a  number  of  times  since  its  completion,  and  we 
give  in  our  testimony  not  only  to  its  value  as  a  commercial  line,  but  it 
is,  moreover,  full  of  interest  to  the  tourist  or  traveler. 

The  10.15  morning  train  from  Hartford  reaches  Poughkeepsie  about 
four,  the  11.40  from  Poughkeepsie  reaches  Hartford  about  five. 

This  line  crosses  three  railroads;  the  Harlem  Railroad  at  Millerton; 
the  Housatonic  Railroad  at  Canaan;  and  the  Naugatuck  at  Winsted. 
From  Pine  Plains  east,  the  country  is  romantic  and  varied;  we  see  the 
Stissing  Mountains  of  Duchess,  and  a  fine  view  of  the  southern  part  of 
Columbia  County.  At  Lakeville,  we  see  the  grounds  and  residence  of 
Ex-Governor  HoUey  of  Connecticut,  and  the  clear  lake  on  the  right, 
with  its  beautiful  wooded  promontory.  Further  on  the  Twin  liikes  of 
Salisbury,  a  grand  view  of  the  Berkshire  Hills.  Passing  over  the 
summit,  we  see  on  one  side  a  wide  reach  of  beautiful  country,  de- 
scend the  mountain  side  to  Winsted,  and  go  to  Hartford,  via  "  Satan's 
Kingdom,"  which  ends  our  "  Pilgrim's  Progress." 

i68 


QUEBEC. 

In  going  from  Montraal  the  tourist  has  two  routes  to  Quebec,  by 
oars  and  the  St  Lawrence  steamboats  ;  duly  entered  tourists  of  the  first 
degi'ee  always  take  a  boat:  there  is  no  dust  along  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
the  steamboats  of  the  Richelieu  Company  are  well  appointed.  The 
towns  and  villages  along  the  river  are  all  of  interest  to  the  tourist,  and 
quite  as  foreign  as  many  in  Eui-ope.  Forty -five  miles  below  Montreal 
the  St.  Lawrence  widens  into  Lake  St.  Peter,  twenty -five  miles  long  and 
ten  miles  wide.  The  evening  sail  is  very  fine,  but  we  advise  every  one 
to  get  up  in  the  morning  in  time  to  see  Quebec,  as  we  approach  it  from 
the  river.  The  first  thing  is  to  locate  at  a  hotel  ;  the  finest  are  the 
St.  Louis  Hotel,  and  the  Russell  House,  cuts  of  which  are  here  given. 


\^— 


ST.    LOUIS   HOTEIi. 
WII.I.IS  KUSSKLI,,   PKOPRIETOR. 

Our  own  experience  at  the  St.  Louis  Hotel,  in  September,  1874,  justifies 
us  in  saying  that  it  is  complete  in  every  particular,  and  pleased  all  the 
American  travelers  of  the  party,  which  is  a  high  compliment  to  a  foreign 
hotel.  There  is  no  city  on  the  continent  so  interesting  in  antiquity — 
a  feudal  city,  transported  and  embalmed  in  the  new  world.      It  was 


169 


foauded  bv  Clianiphiin  in  16<>S.  taken  by  the  Bririsli  and  colonial  forces 
in  1639,  restored  to  Fnmce  in  1632,  captorrxi  bv  Wolfe  1759.  and  finally 
ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  1763  tc^gether  with  all  the  FTench  possessions 
IB  North  Anier:  C"^,  The  city  is  diyided  into  the  npper  and  lower  tonus 
and  ia  triangular  in  form. 

The  Upper  Town  is  stiongiy  fortified  ;  the  citadel  embraces  forty 
aicres  within  its  fortifications.  The  line  of  fortications  enclosing  the 
citadid  is  two  miles  and  a  half  in  length.  The  St  L4->uis  Hotel  is  con- 
Tenienthr  located  to  the  most  delightfiil  and  fa&hion^ble  promenades, 
the  German  Garden,  itte  Bq^anade,  ihe  Place  d'Armes.  and  Durham 
Ttrrraee,  The  old  one-storr  honse  where  General  Montgomery  was 
after  his  heroic  death,  is  »tiU  standing,  a  few  steps  from  the  St. 


Eussrr.i.  HorsE- 

Jjoma  hotel ;  also  the  tTr^nline  CV-nvent  wLere  General  Montcalm  is 
biuied.  The  Cathedral  will  also  be  visited,  and  the  beantifal  Falls  of 
Moatmccoiei,  aboot  a  mfle  from  Quebec.  On  the  Plains  of  Abraham 
thae  is  a  aiab  maaJring  the  spot  wl^re  Wolfe  felL  In  fact,  Quebec  is  a 
place  to  linger  in,  and  a  city  to  be  remembered  ;  it  is  so  different  from 
OUT  own  xegolar  streets,  and  paraDek^ram  blocks,  thac  we  seem  to 
hveayie  anotiier  abno^b^re,  and  experience  anoUier  style  of  living.  It 
reminds  one  somewhat  of  Boston,  and  still  more  of  Stirling,  where  once 

the  Scottish  kings  h^d  sway. 

170 


THE  APIEONDACKS. 

No  gaide  to  pleasure  travel  is  complete,  in  our  day,  -withoat  an  arti^ 
on  the  Adirondacks,  and  we  propose  to  record,  for  the  benefit  of  thoee 
who  desire  to  traTel  in  that  direction,  our  own  experience  of  ten  de- 
lightful davs.  It  was  September — the  pleasantest  time  to  visit  this 
moautdin  dL^trict.  Tlie  moeqnitoes  bad  given  np  looking  for  ns  aud 
goue  west  ;  we  had  everything  our  own  way.  "We  started  from  Platts- 
burgh  ;  took  cars  to  Ausable  Forks,  about  twenty  miles  ;  t^xjk  stage 
twenty  miles  through  Keene  Flats  to  Beede's,  a  9eini-hot<.*l  and  farm- 
house, nice  and  comfortable  ;  staid  all  night,  visit<?d  Roaring  Brook 
Falls,  near  by — about  four  hundred  feet  high,  "  stej^isof  silvtrr."  accord- 
ing to  note-book.  The  ISth  of  September  we  took  trail  four  miles,  and 
along  Gill  Brook  to  Lower  Aasable  Pond  ;  visited  B  iinl>«-^w  Falls,  ne.tr 
at  hand.  a?so  the  Bridal  Teil,  about  one  hunlred  feet  high  ;  crossed  the 
Liower  Lake,  a  sheet  of  water  suirc'unded  by  mouBtaiiks  and  cliffs  about 
two  thousand  feet,  almost  perpendicular  ;  thes.  aaollier  trail  or  '^  cHrrv,*' 
of  one  mile  and  a  quarter  to  Upper  La^e,  where  we  got  a  view  of  Haysta.k 
Mouiit;\in.  Sawteeth,  Bartlett,  Nipple  Top  and  Dix  Peak.  H-re  we 
cami>eil  f^r  the  night  ;  ha^l  ctniking  experience  ;  to«  >k  a  row  on  the  lake: 
interviewed  another  paity  ;  saw  a  fine  sunset ;  decided  that  the  sur- 
roundings weie  as  fine  as  Loch  Katrine,  Lake  Oeorge,  and  the  Hud- 
son ;  slept  our  first  night  in  the  wilderness.  Xt-xt  day  wo  went  ovti 
Mount  Bartlett,  three  mOes  to  the  foot  of  Haystack  Mo  an  tain  ;  went 
up  and  1  ack  ;  fine  central  view  of  mountain  district,  one  mile  fn^m  the 
base  broaght  as  to  the  Panther  Gorge  Camp.  Our  friend  Mr.  Biiby 
editor  uf  Plattsburgh  Republican,  goes  up  Mount  Marcy  to  get  a  sunset 
view,  rain  commences  and  he  cuups  alone.  aD  night,  under  a  7  by  9 
shelter  ;  at  S  a.  m.  cc»mmenced  the  ascent  of  Maicy.  still  raining,  foun  1 
our  friend  O.  K.;  went  over  Mount  Marcy  in  a  gale,  wind  blew  aboat 
70  miles  an  hour  ;  descended  the  other  aide,  seven  miles  to  Camp  t)c4- 
d^i,  beautiful  location,  wet  through,  canrps  failed  each  other.  Ic^-fire 
'between,  balsam  fir  for  bed.  Next  morning  visit^^d  *'  Lake  AvelAnche," 
one  of  the  fountains  of  the  Hudson.     From  Camp  Colden  we  went  two 


miles  to  Calamity  Pond,  and  five  miles  to  the  Deserted  Village,  stayed 
over  Sunday.  Monday,  went  through  the  Indian  Pass,  along  one  of 
the  branches  of  the  Hudson,  to  John  Brown's  Grave,  about  eighteen 
miles.  The  next  da}'  to  Lake  Placid,  crossed  the  lake,  went  over  Hay- 
stack Mountain  to  Wilmington  ;  then  nine  miles  to  Ausable  Forks,  and 
so  to  Plattsburgh.  This  is  the  real  mountain  district  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  not  quite  so  easy  to  "navigate  "  as  the  lake  districts,  but  we  ima- 
gine there  is  no  scenery  in  the  world  so  grand  and  varied. 

The  trip  can  easily  be  made  by  ladies  as  well  as  gentlemen:  Strong 
shoes,  short  flaunel  dress,  in  fact,  a  mountain  suit  will  be  required, 
also  waterproof  and  blanket ;  guides  will  assist  in  carrying  necessaries, 
and  caring  for  the  camp.  The  camps  are  not  luxurious,  but  substantial 
shelters  located  four  or  five  miles  apart.  Food  can  be  carried  sufficient 
for  five  or  six  days,  and  supplies  can  be  forwarded  if  desired. 

At  the  Deserted  Village,  where  we  arrived  the  fourth  day,  we  found 
hosjjitable  entertainment  at  the  hands  of  our  host,  Mr.  John  Moore,  a 
gentleman  who  has  lived  on  both  sides  of  our  continent,  in  Maine  and 
California.  Tliis  village,  of  which  he  is  sole  mayor  and  overseer,  is 
falling  into  ruin,  caused  by  the  death  of  Mr  Henderson,  a  man  of  wealth 
and  enterprise,  \^  ho  started  the  iron  business  about  twenty-five  j^ears 
ago.  There  is  no  place  in  the  Adirondacks  more  accessible  to  aU  points 
of  interest,  aud  no  place  where  a  party  of  friends  could  well  find  health 
and  pleasure  so  well  combined.  Two  beautiful  lakes  are  close  at  hand; 
Mount  Marcy,  the  highest  peak  of  the  mountains,  about  seven  miles 
distant,  and  the  Hudson  flows  through  the  village.  It  speaks  well  for 
the  health  of  the  place  that  Mr.  Moore  brought  his  wife  here  an  invalid, 
and  now  she  often  walks,  in  the  winter,  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  on  snow- 
shoes  ;  and  we  will  add,  by  way  of  postscript,  that  she  can  shoot  a  rifle 
better  than  Murray,  and  almost  as  good  as  Col.  Henry  Gildersleeve  of 
the  Ameiican  Rifle  Team.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  will  care  for  guests  who 
visit  them,  at  reasonable  rates.  A  direct  route  to  the  village  can  easily 
be  made,  via  the  Adirondack  Eailroad,  from  Saratoga  to  North  Creek, 
aud  then  thirty  miles  by  wafifon  road. 


172 


Eastman  Business  University. 

POUGHKEEPSIE.  N.  Y..   ON-THE-HUDSON. 


BOYS  AND  MIDDLE-AGED  MEN 

Trained  for  a  Successful  Start  in  Business  Life,  taught  how  to  get  a  Living, 
Make  Money,  and  become  Enterprising,  Useful  Citizens. 

A  Practical  School  for  the  Times! 

Seventeen  years  ago  ^Ir.  Eastman  established  the  first  Business  College  in 
America,  introducing  a  system  of  Practical  TRArs'iNo  that  h:xs  since  educated 
more  than  Twenty  Thousand  of  the  present  pkospebous  business  men  of  the 
country.  It  is  beginning  to  be  understood  that  a  man  to  succeed,  become 
eminent,  or  a  leader  in  his  business  or  profession  must  be  pilvctically  edu- 
cated.— The  good  sense  that  is  now  pervading  the  minds  of  the  American 
people  on  this  subject  is  evinced  by  the  large  patronage  this  Institution  is  en- 
joying from  every  section  of  the  country. 

It  is  not  simply  a  school  for  the  merchant,  but  the  course  of  study  is  so 
arranged  as  to  be  of  incalculable  advantage  to  all  classes  of  the  community,  the 
Farmer  as  well  as  the  Merchant,  the  Lawyer  as  well  as  the  Banker.  Its 
spet-ialty  is  to  prepare  Boys,  Young  and  Middle-aged  Men  in  the  shortest  time 
and  at  the  least  expense  for  the  active  duties  of  life,  teach  them  how  to  get  a 

LIVING,  make    money,  ANT)    BECOME    ENTERPRISING,    USEFUL    CITIZENS.       It    is     the 

ONLY  SCHOOL  in  the  world  where  the  course  of  study  is  PKACTICAL  instead 
of  Theoretical;  where  the  students  act  as  buyers,  sellers,  traders,  bankers,  book- 
keepers, and  accountants  in  actual  business  operations;  where  the  bank-bills, 
fractional  currency  and  merchandise,  are  actually  used  and  have  a  real  value, 
and  every  transaction  in  just  as  legitimate  and  bona  fide  as  in  any  mercantile, 
banking  or  business  house. 

The  illustrated  Catalogue,  giving  a  history  of  the  Institution,  practical  course 
of  study,  and  plan  of  operatioa,  and  the  names,  addresses  and  busine<^s  of  over 
3,000  graduates  who  owe  their  present  success  to  the  Institution,  may  be  had  by 
addressing  the  President,  H.  G.  Eastman,  LL.D.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 


^"V.t-'tKt.»C^7 


Cor.  of  Chambers  St.  &  West  BroadAvay, 


2\r  IS  TTV"  "s^  o  n.  is:- 


ON  THE  EUROPEAN  PLAN 


I   ^>^  I 


J^irst-class  accommodation  for  ^00  Guests.  "Rooms /7^om 
^^.00  to  ^6.00  per  day .  JK^enly  and  Ilandsometj' /'tirnlshcd 
and  decorated.  JyOcated  co?ire7)fentty  to  business  and  places 
of  aniuseme7it.     Cars  from  all  depots  pass  the  door. 


N.    HUGGINS, 

Formerly  of  Manhattan  Hotel. 

S.    J.    HUGGINS, 

Formerly  of  Lovejoy^s  Hotel. 


N.  &  S.  J.  HUGGINS, 


Proprietors. 


THE 


FROM 


:gW  ^<G)^{£  TO  &,SJBA 


The  Day-line  of  Steamers,  the 

Copt  i?.  H.  Hitchcock 

leave  New  York  every  morning  *^      *    ^^ 

from  Vestry  Street  Pier  and  24th  Street, 
landing  at 
,West  Point,  Cornwall,  Newburg,  Poughkeepsie,  Rhinebeck,  Catskill  and 

Hudson. 
Afiording  the  best  mode  of  enjoying 

THE   UNSURPASSED   SCENERY, 
And  of  reaching  the 

"Catskill"  Mountain  Houses,  Lebanon  Springs  (via  Hudson),  Saratoga 
Springs,  and  all  points  North  and  West. 

Returning  leave  Albany  every  morning  foot  of  EamiltoJi  Street. 

ISAAC   L.    WELSH, 

GENEEAIi  TICKET  AGENT. 


*»       *^-      ALBANY,  N.Y.  *^ 


:o:- 


Albany  Imperial  Cream, 


11 


AND    ASTOR    PALE    XX    ALES. 


BREWERY, 

BROADWAY,  ARCH  AND  FERRY  STS..  ALBANY.  N.  Y. 


ALBANY,  N.  Y., 
NEW  YORK  CITY, 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y.,: 
TROY,  N.  Y., 
BOSTON,  MASS., 


SSFOTS. 

.  .         133  Broadway. 

334  Greenwich  and  23  and  25  Jay  Streets. 

32  Fulton  Street. 

,  ,  ,  .16  Congress  Street. 

.  .  .    117  Commercial  Street. 


Tlie  following  are  some  of  the  parties  who  have  the  exclusive  right  to  sell  our  Ale  at 
wholesale  in  the  cities  and  towns  opposite  their  names. 


J.  A.  TuTTLE,      -----    New  Haven,  Ct. 
J.  W.  Danfokth  &  Co.,   -    -     -    Hai'tford,  Ct. 

J.  S.  Feltis, Fonda,  N.  Y. 

Wm.  Beck,  -----    Poughkeepsie,  N.  ¥•. 

Jno.  Vail,  -------    Highland.  N.  Y. 

B.  P.  Denne,  -------    Owego,  N.  Y. 

Edward  O'REUiLT,  -    -    -    -    Rondoiit,  N.Y. 

M.  J.'^DoTLE,     -    -    -    -    -    -    Savannah,  Ga. 

Jos.  Grover.      -    -    .    New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
B.  F.  Beokwith  &  Co.,  -    -    New  London,  Ct. 


Conrad  &  Holcomb,    -    .    -    Bridgeport,  Ct. 

J.  F.  O'Neil, Charleston,  S.  C. 

Orlando  Pereine,    -    -    South  Amboy,  N.  J. 

W.  W.  Trask, Newburg,  N.  Y. 

A.  H.  Sherman, Norwich,  Ct. 

Matthew  Clune,    -    -    -    -    Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

P.  Scully, Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

A.  J.  Wagner  &  Co.,  -  -  Fort  Plain,  N.  Y. 
Chas.  Whtland,  -  -  -  St.  Johnsville,  N.  Y. 
H.  G.  Kranse,     -     -    -    -    Gloversville,  N.  Y. 

T  AY  LOR    &    SON. 


1875 


People's  Line  for  Albany, 

Sharon,  Saratoga  Springs,  Lake  George,  and 

the  North. 

TnE   LAlU;i:«T   and   most   MA<;MFirENT 

RIVER     STEAMERS 

IX   THE    WORLD, 

THE  DREW  &  ST.  JOHN. 

ONE  OF  THE  ABOVE  STEAMERS  WILL  LEAVE 

Pier  ITo.  41,  Nortli  Kiver,  every  afternoon  (Sundays  excepted)  at  8  o'clock. 

Connecting  with  Tniins  ot  Xtnv  York  rentral.  and  Boston  a?)(l  All)anv  Railroatis,  also 
at  tlie  Boat  -witli  Cars  tor  Saratoga  an<l  >;orlli— and  Cars  of  Alt)any  A-  Susqneljanna  Rail- 
roads. TICKETS  can  he  lia<,l  fit  llie  Oftic  (  on  tlu'  M'liarl'.  and  Ba<rga{re  cliecked  to  Destin- 
ation ;  aLso  at  I)od(rs  Express  Otilce.  944  !lro<id\va.v.  and  No.  4  Court  Street,  Brooklyn,  and 
at  principal  Hotels  ia  New  York.    Teiegrapli  Oflico  on  tJie  Wliarf. 

jOf^  Hudson  River  Railroad  Tickets  taken  on  the  Boat.s  for  passage,  including  State- 
Room  Berth. 

Fasseiif/ers   havittrj   WASJIiyCTOX,  -     -     -     -     S.OO  A.  31. 

''  "        JiiLTiMonK,     -    -    -    -   u.r.o   " 

**  "        rniLADJ^Lj'niA,     -    -    ].:i5r.M. 

Arrive  at  Xr.W    TdliK, 5.15     '' 

In  time  to  connect  as  above.      Siipx'ier  and  Breakfast  on  Board. 

Returning,  leave  the  Albany  Stennil)oat  Lan-lin:^  at  8  o'clock  P.  M.,  or 
ou  the  arrival  of  connectiug  Trains  from  the  West  and  North. 

JOHN  C.  HEWITT,   G.  T.  A. 


CLARENDON  HOUSE 

CLARENDON  SPRINGS,  VT. 


Will  open  May  15,  1874. 

TERMS: 

Board,  per  Weelc $10  to  $12, 

Children  under  12,  going  to  First  Table Half  Price, 

Servants "         " 

Day  Board $2,50. 

^^^  Carriages  at  West  Rutland  to  meet  all  regular  Railroad  Trains.  Tde- 
graph  communication,  Livery  and  Boarding  Stables  connected  with  the  House. 
Warm  and  Cold  Baths,  cool  nights,  and  no  musquitoes.  Billiards,  Bowling, 
etc.  Pleasant  drives  and  beautiful  scenery  in  evtry  direction.  References,  if 
desired,  in  all  principal  cities. 

♦♦♦ 

CLARENDON     SPRINGS. 

Unequalled  for  Curing^  £^11  Impurities  of  the  Blood,  Uver  Com- 

plaiut.  Dyspepsia,  l>ropsy,  and  for  Restoring 

Appetite  and  Physical  8tren§^tlt. 

"THE  FOUNTAIN  OF  PERPETUAL  YOUTH." 

This  Water  has  no  sediment,  is  delicious  to  drink,  health-giving,  and  in 
bathing  acts  like  a  charm  on  the  skin.  Children  come  to  us  with  pale  faces, 
and  leave  with  ruddy  cheeks. 

ANA  LYSIS. 

One  gallon,  or  235  inches  of  -water  contains: 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas 4616  ctibic  iuch. 

Nitrogen  Gas 9-63       "        " 

Carbonate  of  Lime 3  02  grains. 

Muriate  of  Lime,  Sulphate  of  Soda,  and  Sulphate  of  Magnesia 274        " 

One  hundred  cubic  inches  of  the  gas  which  was  evolved  from  the  water  consist  of : 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas 005  cubic  inch. 

Oxygen  Acid  Gas    1'50      "        " 

Nitrogen  Acid  Gas 98-45       " 

Dk.  Agustus  a.  Hayes,  State  Assayer  for  Massachusetts,  says  :  "  It  is  a  re- 
markable Water,  containing  Nitrogen  dissolved. " 


University  of 
Connecticut 

Libraries 


■.■My 


;;''V'i''.''''i\'': 


